Enter your emailto receive the latestastrophotography guides and updates. The first object on our checklist was the biggest, brightest and most obvious object visible to the naked eye the moon (opens in new tab). Fortunately, the right optical coatings and lens materials can minimize the amount of light lost to these sources. Sign up for savings and product announcements. Multi-layer anti-reflective coatings made from precise layers of MgF2 (magnesium fluoride) and HfO2 (hafnium dioxide). Read our full analysis of all the differences and similarities below. SUPERIOR STARBRIGHT XLT OPTICAL COATINGS. You have successfully joined our subscriber list. Despite being designed for astrophotography, you will still need to add the. As noted above, the EdgeHD optics correct the distortion you get around the edges of images when using SCT telescopes and their curved mirrors. Light-Gathering Power Compared to Human Eye. Use the planetarium interface to view the night sky in real time or display a list of celestial objects currently visible based on your time and location. For the first time ever on a consumer telescope, NexStar Evolution includes its own built-in lithium-ion battery so that you will be able to enjoy stargazing marathons of up to 10 hours on a single charge! It boasts the same tall and sturdy mount and tripod. Get breaking space news and the latest updates on rocket launches, skywatching events and more! And the NexStar Evolutions USB charge port is available to top off the other devices that need to stay powered-on during an observing session.Setting up the new NexStar Evolution is quick and painless with large, ergonomic handles. CELESTRON -NexStar Evolution 8" (203mm) Computerized SCT Reflector w/ WiFi 12091. Each item of the kit has been selected to make sure your optical surfaces can be cleaned and free of blemishes caused by dirt, fingerprints, and other particles.

NexStar Evolutions tracking accuracy is so impressive, capturing images of deep-sky objects like the Orion Nebula can be achieved by simply attaching most any DSLR camera. Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! Focal length:80" (2032 mm)

Once the tripod is safely in the case, the carry handles and ergonomic shoulder strap make it way easier to carry! However, it boasts a much sturdier mount and also features in-built WIFI so that it can be controlled by an app on your phone rather than the hand controller without having to buy any extra components. Due to the weight, the NexStar Evolution 8 will be tricky to transport for many, so it is important to take that into account before planning any skywatching trips beyond your own backyard. However, when the eyepieces are used with the Barlow, you'll enjoy 102X through the 40 mm and 312X through the 13 mm. The steel tripod features leg etchings to help achieve a level, uniform height for the telescope.

All About Space is where stunning images combine with accessible and authoritative text to educate and inspire readers of all ages while taking them on a spectacular journey through the Solar System to the known limits of the universe. Telescope Mount Weight - Not Including Tripod (lb. The amount of light gathered affects the brightness of the resulting image. Its the only fork-mounted telescope in its price range that offers worm gears, along with improved motors. Please refresh the page and try again. For astronomers interested in astro-imaging, the Celestron NexStar Evolution 8" Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope is an excellent, affordable way to get started. If you are looking for an easy way to do a quick adjustment during observations or more specific collimation for imaging, these SCT collimation knobs from Apertura are the perfect solution! On a good run, the battery allows 10 hours of continuous observation. An impressive piece of kit, the Celestron NexStar Evolution 8's optical system ranks as one of the best we've ever had the pleasure of looking at the universe through. celestron nexstar There is no need to point the telescope north or to level the optical tube as in previous alignment methods: the initial position of the telescope is irrelevant. The mount is less sturdy than that coming with the other two telescopes, having just half the payload capacity. Thank you for signing up to Space. Leaving you with confidence knowing you are making the right decision and one that is perfect for you and your goals of viewing the night sky! As this mount is motorized, and is capable of tracking a celestial object as it moves across the sky, it's a must-try for some serious astrophotography. The steel tripod features leg etchings to help achieve a level, uniform height for the telescope.

Characterized by quality and accessibility All About Space is a brand dedicated to delivering expert commentary on the latest cutting-edge research, technology and theories in an entertaining and visually stunning way. Apertura Optics & Sensor Cleaning Kit - 20 Piece - Celestron Hard Rolling Case for 8/9.25/11 SCT or E Astrozap Flexible Dew Shield with Side Bar Notch f Celestron 1.25" Ultra High Contrast (UHC) Lig Celestron Equatorial Wedge for NexStar Evolution a Celestron NexStar Evolution 8 Telescope Essential Celestron NexStar Evolution 8 Telescope Bundle - 1 Internal 9 6V, 4 5Ah lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO4), Control your NexStar Evolution telescope wirelessly from your iOS or Android smartphone or tablet! See the quick highlights from Celestron here: The positives and negatives of this over the models above are: Overall, this is a great telescope package that gives you all you need for both observing and photographing space. No visual defects such as colour fringing, warping or coma, Excellent, clear views of deep-sky and solar system targets. Its the only fork-mounted telescope in its price range that offers worm gears and greatly improved motors standard. Mount type:Single-arm fork, alt-azimuth. The redness of the latter was easily recognisable, and the optical system seemed to have no major issues with chromatic or spherical aberration. This is the OTA of the 8-inch Celestron Rowe-Ackermann Schmidt Astrograph (RASA). Celestron NexStar Evolution Manual (520.92 kB), Celestron NexStar Evolution Addendum (396.09 kB), Telescope Cases, Covers & Dobsonian Shrouds, Skip to the beginning of the images gallery. Prices can vary and fluctuate according to availability but in general the 8SE is the cheapest, followed by the Evolution 8, and then the 8HD is the most expensive. Even with the star-forming region's large size, the Plssl could accommodate the majority of the nebula. You can unsubscribe at any time. Protect your telescope tripod from scratches and dings by storing it in the Apertura Universal Tripod Case! JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. The Celestron 8 EdgeHD was the third most successfully used Celestron telescope, behind only the larger 11-inch and 14-inch models: It has the same sturdy tripod and mount as the model above, as well as the in-built wifi and battery power source. First, lets examine the core similarities and differences between these telescope packages: All have an 8-inch (203 mm) aperture Schmidt-Cassegrain Optical Tube Assembly (the telescope) with an 80-inch (2032 mm) focal length. The HD version of the Evolution 8 is tailored for astrophotography. Reflectivity is fairly flat across the spectrum, optimizing it for both imaging and visual observing. Subscribers get 13 issues per year! For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. NY 10036. Simply connect the device to NexStar Evolutions built-in wireless network, and enjoy viewing the universe with the Celestron mobile app for. Unfortunately, there are sources of light loss at each optical surface and within each lens. Curious to learn more about the NexStar Evolution series? (18.5 kilograms). Point the telescope at three bright objects in the sky, and the telescope tells you what the objects are. For long exposures you will need to add the, It has features that tailor it for deep-sky astrophotography and this separates it from the regular 8-inch. The retractable handle and wheels make moving it around way easier than standard carry cases. There are so many types of telescopes and accessories that the process can be overwhelming enough without having to worry about pushy salespeople trying to make a big commission. All come with a computerized/GOTO alt-az mount that uses Celestrons SkyAlign Technology to allow you to locate over 40,000 astronomical objects with a hand controller. Stargazing marathons lasting up to 10 hours are now possible on a single charge. Store up to 7 eyepieces in 2 accessory trays, one with an adjustable red LED illuminator. There was a problem. The single-fork arm is the pride of the instrument, as it can mechanically navigate the night sky with the touch of a button via two perpendicular movements thanks to an alt-azimuth mount, powered by a long-lasting, rechargeable lithium-ion battery. After all, we would be nothing without you and we For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. The Celestron NexStar Evolution 8 is an extremely impressive piece of kit. A dew shield also prevents stray light from bouncing off your optics and reducing contrast. A 2X Barlow is one of the most popular telescope accessories available because it doubles the magnification of any 1.25 you use with it! Get fantastic offers by subscribing to the digital and/or print edition now. The Celestron NexStar Evolution 8 can be pushed to its useful magnification of 480x without suffering the consequences of poor, blurred images. It comes with a tall and sturdy mount and tripod. Switching to the 12.5 mm Plssl allowed us to take a closer look at the rugged lunar terrain. However, with a combined astronomy experience of over 115 years (117 to be exact), our team of telescope and astrophotography experts, a.k.a. Here is a quick overview of the differences and similarities between the different packages: The Celestion CPC 800 is essentially the next level up from the NexStar Evolution 8 due to the mount. The purpose of a telescope is to collect as much light as possible.

Our team of product advisors know what its like to buy astronomy equipment for the first time. Focal ratio:f/10 Be warned though, the technology will only work at its best under reasonably clear skies free of light pollution and with an array of stars at your disposal. We know how to narrow down the products that best fit YOUR needs, rather than push something simply because its easy. All About Space magazine We truly believe our team is a cut above the rest and we look forward working with you! published 19 August 20. *This website makes money through affiliate commissions. Fortunately, the right optical coatings and lens materials can minimize the amount of light lost to these sources. Plus, Celestron's standardPlanetarium Interface allows viewers to scan the night sky in real time or display a list of celestial objects currently visible based on the time and location of the scope. Please use another browser such as Chrome, Edge, Firefox, or Safari for the best experience. Also, the Fastar technology allows you to remove the secondary mirror and attach your camera to the front, thereby massively speeding up the focal ratio from F/10 to F/2 (you need to add a Hyperstar lens to do this). Check out the video below! For instance, the 8 Evolution comes with a 40 mm and 13 mm eyepiece. Since the function of a mirror is to collect light by way of reflection, Celestron uses only highly-reflective metallic coatings on these optical elements. Water white glass transmits about 90.5% without anti-reflective coatings; thats 3.5% better transmission than uncoated soda lime glass. Manual clutches in both Altitude and Azimuth offer greater flexibility to manually point the telescope when powered off. What's more, the telescope also provides a very good platform for astrophotography, no matter if it's basic or at a much more advanced level. Upon arrival at our designated site for the night, the assembly of the telescope proved to be fairly straightforward something that's welcomed by any astronomer who just wants to get down to making observations straight away and without spending a great deal of time setting up. Look, we get it. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, This light pollution reduction (LPR) filter threads onto any 1.25" eyepiece or Barlow. It is the same 8-inch OTA (telescope tube) that comes with the Evolution 8 package, yet is generally on sale for substantially cheaper and provides great value. The 8 HD also comes with StarSense technology that polar aligns automatically. Heading over to our winter favourite, we took the time to gaze upon stellar opposites, Rigel and Betelgeuse. The Celestion NexStar Evolution range are the premium section of the NexStar range and this model has the same 8-inch Schmidt-Cassegrain OTA as the 8SE above (albeit in a different color). Unfortunately, there are sources of light loss at each optical surface and within each lens. There are also a few other Celestion 8-inch telescope OTAs and packages that are worth comparing to get the full overview. Celestrons landmark telescopes reach a new level with the NexStar Evolution 8, the first of a series of Celestron Schmidt-Cassegrain telescopes with integrated WiFi standard. Its the only fork-mounted telescope in its price range that offers worm gears and greatly improved motors standard. Space is supported by its audience. All coupons, tax, shipping, store credit and gift cards will be applied during checkout. For every eyepiece you buy thereafter, you will get two magnification options instead of one! Of course, the Schmidt-Cassegrain optical system offers bright, sharp views with StarBright XLT optical coatingsa great choice for visual observers and budding astro-imagers alike.NexStar Evolution includes a StarPointer finderscope, two 1.25 Plossl eyepieces (13mm and 40mm), a 1.25 star diagonal, AC adapter, and NexStar+ hand control (not necessary when using the mobile ap). For astronomers interested in astro-imaging, the Celestron NexStar Evolution 8" Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope is an excellent, affordable way to get started. The materials used in reflective and anti-reflective coatings are the purest available (exceeding 99.99%) and include aluminum (Al), hafnium oxide (HfO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and magnesium fluoride (MgF2). For beginners and casual astronomers, we recommend the NexStar or Astro-Fi range of Celestron telescopes. The proprietary SkyAlign alignment procedure is built right into the Celestron mobile app, so youre ready to observe within minutes. Of these three great 8-inch Celestron telescope packages what are the differences and which is right for you? This telescope is also Fastar compatible. Theres never any pressure to buy, and you can rest assured that your recommendation is personalized for you rather than motivated by financial gain. With the 40 mm eyepiece attached, the NexStar Evolution 8 offered a crisp, bright and visually stimulating sight, with the lunar surface fitting perfectly within the field of view. NexStar Evolutions tracking accuracy is so impressive, you can capture images of deep-sky objects like the Orion Nebula by simply attaching your DSLR camera. We decided to utilize the StarSense AutoAlign camera, as it was a clear night at our location in a dark-sky reserve. Celestron engineers designed the NexStar Evolution based on years of customer feedback. Thats why our unbiased, non-commissioned product advisors only incentive is to recommend a product that they truly believe is the right choice to help you meet your goals, and at a price point that also meets your budget. For the most high-powered models, please also see our guide to the Best Telescopes you can buy. An equatorial wedge fits between your telescope base and the tripod, turning your alt-azimuth Evolution telescope into an equatorial mount for astrophotography! Store up to 7 eyepieces in 2 accessory trays, including one with an adjustable red LED illuminator. As you progress in the hobby of astronomical imaging, you can add the Celestron Pro HD Wedge to achieve longer exposures for more detailed astrophotos. Hafniuma rare element that costs nearly $2,000 per kilogramgives a wider band pass than the titanium used in competing coatings. Celestron engineers designed the NexStar Evolution series based on years of customer feedback. It helps to filter out light pollution in the night sky, which increases contrast and allows us to see more detail in celestial objects.

From the dark patches of the lunar mare, to the distinguishable craters of Tycho and Copernicus and the lunar terminator, the optics presented a crisp view with high clarity and resolution. However, if you are looking to improve your images, you should purchase the Wedge for the NexStar Evolution, which enables long-exposure photography. This is a significant advantage as telescopes lacking this tend to eat AA batteries very quickly and is an issue if you want to use it away from an AC power supply.

The Evolution 8 and NexStar 8SE OTAs are identical in everything apart from the color. (18.5 kg) However the mounts are different: These mounts are all alt-azimuth, which is best for visual observing but not astrophotography. Although it weighs less, it lacks handles that make the other OTAs easier to carry, and the maximum tripod height is shorter. ), Total Weight without Counterweights (lb.). By Aperture:8" (203.2 mm) We Just Dropped Prices On Used Gear By Another 10%! The astrophotography credentials of this telescope are also backed up by a study we did of 350+ images shortlisted for the Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the last three years. Using these collimation knobs will improve your imaging or observation experience because you will no longer have to worry about bothersome adjustments using the factory-supplied Phillips screws. Again, there was no interference or issues with the resolution of this brilliant, 0.12-magnitude supergiant.

Celestrons signature telescopes reach a new level with the NexStar Evolution! This is the C8 HD OTA combined with the AVX equatorial mount. The Celestron 8\" Nexstar Evolution Schmidt Cassegrain telescope is a compact and portable smart telescope featuring Celestron's StarBright XLT optical coatings. A mirror without coatings reflects about 4% of the light that hits its surface, but a mirror coated with standard aluminum coatings reflects about 86-88%and a mirror coated with StarBright XLT reflects 95%. This means we may be compensated if you click links on this page at no extra cost to you. We Do Right by Our Customers We love our customers! It lacks in-built wifi (although this can be added with Celestrons. Operation of its WiFi technology is seamless, while the computerized GoTo mount boasts exceedingly high performance. In less than 30 minutes, the telescope was assembled, running and ready for alignment. Included with the optical tube assembly (OTA) is a robust, stainless steel tripod, which supports the set up with ease. We look forward to helping you start your astronomy journey! You can add Celestrons equatorial wedge to convert them from alt-az to equatorial to improve performance for deep sky imaging. Rowe-Ackermann Schmidt Astrograph (RASA) 8, It has a removable secondary mirror that allows a camera to be attached directly to the front and improves the focal ratio from F/10 to F/2 (Celestion call this, In contrast, the mount and tripod that comes with the, Price can very and fluctuate according to availability but in general the. Setting up your NexStar Evolution is quick and painless with large, ergonomic handles. Operation of its WiFi technology is seamless, while the computerized GoTo mount boasts exceedingly high performance. Related: Best telescopes (opens in new tab), Optical design:Schmidt-Cassegrain The in-built wifi and battery power source make it a true all-in-one package and eliminate the need to add many extra components. Moving away from the moon, we explored some deep-sky targets in Orion (the Hunter). Manufacturer's warranty period, if known. By making use of the most modern technologies available, navigating from planet to star to nebula can be achieved with ease at the touch of a button. Store up to 7 eyepieces in 2 accessory trays, including one with an adjustable red LED illuminator. The icing on the cake is the 8-inch Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope, with improved EdgeHD optics for crisper, clearer sight of targets you wish to observe. Use the free, This model of the NexStar Evolution includes a portable 8 Schmidt-Cassegrain optical tube with StarBright XLT optical coatings and Fastar compatibility, The computerized Evolution GoTo mount includes high-performance worm gears and motors for improved tracking accuracy, along with reduced gear backlash, Included rechargeable lithium-ion battery provides enough power for 10 hours of continuous observing, The Celestron NexStar Evolution has an improved industrial design, with manual clutches and integrated carry handles, plus the added convenience of two accessory trays and a USB charge port for your smart device, Finderscope: Starpointer (Includes 3V CR2032 lithium button battery), Power Requirements: Internal Battery Included, Secondary Mirror Obstruction: 2.5 in (64 mm), Secondary Mirror Obstruction by Diameter: 36%, Secondary Mirror Obstruction by Area: 9.77%, Tracking Rates: Sidereal, Solar and Lunar, Alignment Procedures: SkyAlign, 3-Star Align, Solar System Align, Communication Ports: 1 hand control and 3 aux ports, App Database: Over 120,000 including 220 of the best deep sky and solar system objects, Celestron 8" f/10 Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescope, Single Fork Arm NexStar Evolution Computerized Alt-Azimuth Mount, Adjustable 1.25" Steel Tripod with Accessory Tray. The steel tripod features leg etchings to help you achieve a level, uniform height for your telescope. The Celestron NexStar 8SE is the largest in the SE range (which also features, 6-inch, 5-inch, and 4-inch versions). Last update on 2022-07-24 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API. That is a nice choice of magnifications for observing a wide range of objects! Celestron's telescopes continue to evolve and improve, and they have done an amazing job of merging their highly-regarded Schmidt-Cassegrain telescopes with a computerized, single-fork mount for an easier and much more enjoyable experience when observing the night sky meet the NexStar Evolution. If youre interested in astro-imaging, the Celestron 8 NexStar Evolution is an excellent, affordable way to get started. With a price that's suited to large budgets, it's a sturdy and reliable instrument that comes with a 24-month warranty (opens in new tab). Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. New York,

Without the 2X Barlow, the eyepieces will produce 51X and 156X magnifications, respectively. Its one of the most popular telescope bundles in the world as you get an 8-inch telescope tube with a GOTO mount of manageable weight and size at a price that is good value. 2022 Woodland Hills Camera & Telescope, All Rights Reserved. Today's best CELESTRON NEXSTAR EVOLUTION 8 CATADIOPTRIC TELESCOPE deals, We check over 250 million products every day for the best prices, Pictures from space! When water white glass is used in conjunction with StarBright XLTs anti-reflective coatings, the average transmission reaches 97.4%: an 8% improvement.*. At the time of the review, using the technology was a new experience to us, but it was straightforward and didnt take longer than your average, manual alignment. The NexStar Evolution 8 also comes with a 1.25-inch star diagonal and two 1.25-inch 12.5 mm and 40 mm Plssl eyepieces, allowing magnifications of 156x and 51x, respectively. Protect the optics and electronics of the 8 Evolution by storing the OTA & drive base in this padded carry case from Celestron. And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. It's easy to set up and, by taking advantage of all the latest technology combined with its optical prowess, is capable of providing a complete high definition tour of the night sky.

The purpose of a telescope is to collect as much light as possible. Forget the (included) hand control and slew to all the best celestial objects with a touch of a smartphone or tablet.

The Celestron NexStar Evolution 8 can be pushed to its useful magnification of 480x without suffering the consequences of poor, blurred images. Dew can quickly ruin a night of observing, but there are ways to keep it at bay on all but the wettest of nights. The components are also designed to be delicate enough not to scratch the lenses or mar optical coatings. Connect your device to NexStar Evolutions built-in wireless network, and explore the universe with the Celestron mobile app for iOS and Android. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. The Deluxe/HD version of the CPC 800 is a combination of the 8 EdgeHD OTA with the dual form arm mount from the CPC 800 above. For the first time ever on a consumer telescope, Celestron's NexStar Evolution 8" includes its own Built-in Lithium-ion Battery. Gemma Lavender "Gear Experts", knows astronomy and how to service our customers. It's a worthy investment for those who are veterans of viewing the night sky but not so much for those who are just dipping their toe into skywatching. You can even use NexStar Evolutions USB charge port to top off the other devices in your life that need to stay powered on during an observing session. High-transmission water white glass is used instead of soda lime glass for the corrector lens. Adding a wedge also lets you use an autoguider, should you choose to do so. Forget about batteries or an external power supply. Its the most expensive and, at the time of writing, is the hardest to find in stock. Eyepiece 2 focal length:13 mm (156x) It needs AA batteries or an external power source to run if away from an AC power socket. You will receive a verification email shortly. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Add Apertura SCT Collimation Knobs - CK-SCT to your order? Celestron's proprietary SkyAlign alignment procedure is built into the Celestron mobile app, so users are ready to observe within minutes.

The Nexstar Evolution series of telescopes are fully computerized GoTo telescopes with an easy to use hand controller. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). Our image of the day, Binoculars deals: The best discounts and savings available, International Space Station: Live updates, Asteroid Bennu is old before its time thanks to the sun, Satellites watch raging wildfire threatening California's Yosemite National Park, Your monthly guide to stargazing & space science, Try a single issue or save on a subscription, Issues delivered straight to your door or device. However, it is an imaging-only telescope and cannot be used for visual observing, only astrophotography. Optical coatings are very thin layers of material that are applied to the glass in a process called vacuum deposition. The physical properties and thickness of each layer in the coating, as well as their orientation with each other and the glass to which they are applied, determine how well they will do their job.Since the function of a mirror is to collect light by way of reflection, Celestron uses only highly-reflective metallic coatings on these optical elements. Now lets look at each of the models individually. Simply connect the device to NexStar Evolutions built-in wireless network, and enjoy viewing the universe with the Celestron mobile app for iOS and Android. Before we headed out for a night of observing, the first thing we noted was the telescope's weight, which totals 40.6 lbs. Learn how your comment data is processed. This is the same C8 OTA combined with the AVX equatorial mount. Granted, the NexStar Evolution has quite a moderate price tag (RRP $2,262), but according to Celestron it has everything an intermediate astronomer needs when navigating the celestial landscape to track down and gaze upon some tantalizing views, whether it's magnifying the spiral arms of the Pinwheel Galaxy (Messier 101) in Ursa Major (the Great Bear (opens in new tab)) or staying much closer to home to pick out the rings of gas giant Saturn (opens in new tab). Of course, the 8 Schmidt-Cassegrain optical system offers bright, sharp views with StarBright XLT optical coatingsa great choice for visual observers and budding astroimagers alike. In comparison to the models above and below: Overall, this is a higher quality package for astronomy than the 8SE above, but this comes at a higher cost. The amount of light gathered affects the brightness of the resulting image. Wrap this flexible dew shield snuggly around the end of your 8 OTA telescope to delay the formation of dew on your telescope's corrector plate. Add Apertura Universal Tripod Case - UTC to your order? Copyright 2017-2022 Skies & Scopes | All Rights Reserved | As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. You can also see here a broader overview of all Celestron NexStar models and you can find more articles like this in our astronomy hub. Eyepiece 1 focal length:40 mm (51x) In our opinion, the internal battery seems to be an under-appreciated aspect it saves having to spend extra money on a battery pack and, as an added bonus, an international AC adapter is also provided. Celestron's proprietary SkyAlign alignment procedure is built into the Celestron mobile app, so users are ready to observe within minutes. Our lunar companion was at waxing gibbous phase at the time of observation, with 85.9% luminosity.



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