). oxychloride copper 1. ed. Phytopathology, v. 54, n. 1, p. 40-43, 1964. This low yield shows that the control treatment probably had early fruit drop before the fruit drop evaluations. Effect of frequency of copper applications on control of citrus canker and the yield of young bearing sweet orange trees. to the fruit maturation stage (AGUIAR et al., 2012Aguiar, R. L. et al. Tropical Plant Pathology, v. 37, n. 2, p. 155-158, 2012. Plant Disease, v. 65, n. 12, p. 945-50, 1981.) Colletotrichum Host Specificity. All rights reserved. Protects against a very wide range of fungal and bacterial diseases. The experiment was conducted in Bebedouro, SP, Brazil, in the 2014/2015 crop season, in a randomized block design, using a Citrus sinensis variety (Valencia). In: Timmer, L. W., Garnsey, S. M., Graham, J.H. 2009. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. Saint Paul: Pathology, and Host-Pathogen Interaction, 2000. v. 1, cap. May cause severe eye irritation and an allergic reaction following skin contact. Plus if youre a Garden Club member you can take part in the Yates Growing Community - a blog to share successes, get advice & win prizes in fun challenges along the way! 2007. copper oxychloride pentahydrate sulfate pesticides fungicides insecticides Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 34, n. 2, p. 71-76, 2009.; BELLOTTE et al., 2013BELLOTTE, J. 84 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia: rea de Concentrao em Produo Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, 2010. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. A. M. et al. Revista Caatinga, v. 29, n. 3, p. 677-684, 2016.). This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google. 1. ed. However, fruit susceptibility level gradually decreases with maturation (KOTZ, 1981). A protectant copper fungicide and bactericide used as a foliar spray, Ornamentals; Beet crops; Olives; Grapes; Tomatoes. 66 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia: rea de Concentrao em Produo Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, 2009. Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 34, n. 2, p. 71-76, 2009. A. M. et al. Yates Liquid Copper Fungicide - Concentrate, Verrucosis (citrus scab) brown rot, melanose, black spot. Considering that the use of insecticides to control Diaphorina citri is carried out biweekly, the adoption of simultaneous use of copper oxychloride is an efficient alternative to control P. citricarpa. 2010. Laranja & Cia, Mato, v. 43, n. 1, p. 10-11, 1996. Applications of these fungicides with 28-day intervals have been inefficient in areas with many inoculum sources, late-maturing varieties, and frequent rains (MOTTA, 2009MOTTA, R. R. Determinao do perodo residual de fungicidas protetores e sistmicos parao controle de Guignardia citricarpa em frutos ctricos. McONIE, K. C. The latent occurrence in citrus and other hosts of a Guignardia easily confused with G. citricarpa, the citrus black spot pathogen. Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo. 70 p. Dissertao (Mestrado em Agronomia: rea de Concentrao em Produo Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, 2009.). (EN). 84 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia: rea de Concentrao em Produo Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, 2010. 208 p. Spsito, M. B. et al. Severity of CBS was evaluated using a diagrammatic scale for estimating hard spot, considering the scores 1 = 0.5%, 2 = 1.7%, 3 = 5.0%, 4 = 11.5%, 5 = 22.5%, and 6 = 49.0% for the injured area (SPSITO et al., 2004Spsito, M. B. et al. oxychloride wdg oxychloride copper aldrich In: Timmer, L. W., Garnsey, S. M., Graham, J.H. (English), Resumo Cupric fungicides applied sequentially can cause darkening of injury spots resulting from the action of insects, mites, and wind (SCHUTTLE; KOTZ, 1997SCHUTTLE, G. C.; KOTZ, J. M. Grass mulching as part in integrated control programme for the control of citrus black spot. Plants treated with application of copper oxychloride at 31 and 24.5 mg m-3 with 14-day intervals (14 applications) to control citrus black spot (CBS) had fruits with lower symptom scores up to the fourth evaluation (October,2015), mainly when compared to the farm standard treatment (FST) (cuprous oxide + pyraclostrobin), indicating the higher efficiency of these treatments over the FST (Table 2). For advice call the National Poisons Centre, 0800 764 766, In an emergency only, call 0800 220 770 (ALL HOURS). 208 p. ). SCHUTTLE, G. C.; KOTZ, J. M. Grass mulching as part in integrated control programme for the control of citrus black spot. (Ed.). Copyright 2022JC & AT Searle Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. Sign up to join the Yates Garden Club for monthly e-mails packed with seasonal inspiration, tips for success & exclusive promotions. that even with few lesions, fruit drops can occur, indicates an effect of infections in the fruit peduncles. Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo. Five evaluations were carried out with 30-day intervals from mid-July to mid-November when fruits were harvested. 208 p. ).

m-3 with 35-day intervals (Table 1), according to technical recommendation to control citrus black spot (CBS) (SILVA JUNIOR et al., 2016SILVA JUNIOR, G. et al. All citrus species of economic importance, especially sweet orange varieties, are susceptible to CBS (SILVA JUNIOR et al., 2016SILVA JUNIOR, G. et al. 10g is approximately 1 level tablespoon.3. 500g/Kg copper as a copper oxychloride in the form of a wettable powder. Perodo de incubao de, ALMEIDA, T. F. Mancha preta dos citros: Expresso dos sintomas em frutos pela inoculao com condios e controle do agente causal (. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different rates of a cupric fungicide (copper oxychloride) applied alone with 14-day intervals on the control of citrus black spot. Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 24, n. 1, p. 282, 1999. and the occurrence of rains directly and indirectly affect the efficiency of treatments. The experiment was conducted at a citrus farm in Bebedouro, SP, Brazil (2129'41''S, 4830'63''W), in the 2014/2015 crop season. The data were used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). For the control of fungal & bacterial diseases on fruit, vegies & ornamentals in the home garden. Category of Use : Fungicide / Bactericide, Formulation : Wettable Granules; Wettable Powder, Potatoes, tomatoes, beets, celery, parsley,vines, hops, spinach, ornamentals, pome fruits, stone fruits, citrus fruits, cucumbers, melons, asparagus, lettuce, Pests / Diseases : Control of late blight, leaf spot diseases, downy mildew, canker, scab, melanose, rust, peach leaf curl, We are continuously looking for Distributors in: Citrus black spot (CBS) is a disease caused by the Phyllosticta citricarpa fungus that causes lesions in fruits and, in more severe stages, fruit drops. Citrus black spot (CBS) is a disease caused by the Phyllosticta citricarpa fungus (Guignardia citricarpa Kiely at its cytomorphic phase) that causes qualitative and quantitative damages to citrus crops (SILVA JUNIOR et al., 2016SILVA JUNIOR, G. et al. Citrus fruits are susceptible from the beginning of the fruiting until the maturation stage (AGUIAR et al., 2012Aguiar, R. L. et al. The data were subjected to analysis of variance for linear regression to determine the cupric fungicide rates, according to linear response of the incidence and severity of CBS, applied to the AUDPC values, and fruit yield (kg plant-1). The applications were carried out with 14-day intervals, starting when 2/3 of the petals of the plant's flowers were fallen, totaling 14 applications. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for the incidence and severity of CBS, and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and statistically compared by the Tukey' test at 5% significance using the AgroEstat 1.0 program (BARBOSA; MALDONADO JUNIOR, 2015BARBOSA, J. C.; MALDONADO JR, W. Experimentao Agronmica e AgroEstat - Sistema para Anlises Estatsticas de Ensaios Agronmicos. Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 29, n. 1, p. 81-85, 2004.). It is consistent with data in the literature for late-maturing sweet oranges varieties grown in areas with many inoculum sources (SPSITO et al., 2004Spsito, M. B. et al. A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. RESULTADOS: Reestimativa da safra de laranja 2018-2019 do cinturo citrcola de So Paulo e triangulo/Sudoeste Mineiro - Cenrio em fevereiro de 2019. The plants treated with the lowest rates of copper oxychloride were more susceptible to the pathogen. Both inoculum sources are present mainly between spring and early autumn, which is the essential period to control the pathogen. 1. ed. A partir desses dados foi calculada a rea abaixo da curva de progresso da doena (AACPD). Applications of copper oxychloride CS at rates of 31 and 24.5 mg m-3 with 14-day intervals are efficient for the control of CBS, with similar efficiency to the farm standard treatment. The hypothesis of Kotz (1996KOTZ, J. M. History and epidemiology of citrus black spot in South Africa. 68 p. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia: rea de Concentrao em Produo Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, 2007. Efeito do manejo cultural e qumico na incidncia e severidade da mancha-preta dos citros. A. M. et al. Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo. Foliar fungicide with protective action. 66 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia: rea de Concentrao em Produo Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, 2009. Absorbed copper disrupts the enzyme systems of pathogens. Phytopathology, v. 54, n. 1, p. 40-43, 1964.; KOTZ, 2000KOTZ, J. M. Citrus black spot. Qualitative damages caused by CBS can depreciate the fruit peels and make it impossible to export them to European Union countries, where this fungus is a quarantine pest (A1); quantitative damages due to early fruit drops reduce plant fruit yield (SILVA JUNIOR et al., 2016SILVA JUNIOR, G. et al. Yates Copper Oxychloride spray will stain on contact with walls, fences, and other surfaces.2. The results showed a linear decrease in the incidence of CBS with increasing copper oxychloride rates (Figure 1). RESULTADOS: Reestimativa da safra de laranja 2018-2019 do cinturo citrcola de So Paulo e triangulo/Sudoeste Mineiro - Cenrio em fevereiro de 2019. Department of Phytopathology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eduardofonseca.tva@gmail.com, adggoes@yahoo.com.br, fe.eng.agronomica@gmail.com. Copper Oxychloride is for the control of fungal and bacterial diseases in fruit and vegetable crops, citrus, stone fruit, pome fruit and ornamentals. Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 34, n. 1, p. 102-108, 2012. Multi-site activity. Black spot, fire blight, European canker, leaf curl, shot hole (die-back), bacterial spot, stone fruit blast, Bud burst and green tip (Sept), leaf fall (May) and winter dormancy, Downy mildew (dry-berry), leaf spots, rust. Pre-mix in a small volume of water to form a thin slurry before adding the remaining water. It is formulated from copper and sulfur, which are naturally occurring compounds. 2007. The effects of inter-crop cultivation Between rows of citrus crop on spreading of, FAGAN, C.; GOES, A. Efeito da severidade da mancha preta dos frutos ctricos causada por. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. The treatments with COC at rates of 9.1 and 12.2 mg m-3 differed from the control in the third and fifth evaluations, respectively. Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo. 396 p.). Possible, especially for mixtures - check label, EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414), Yes - two 'Persistent-Bioaccumulative-Toxic' criteria, Approved for use () under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States, International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey), International Chemical Identifier (InChI), InChI=1S/2ClH.2Cu.3H2O/h2*1H;;;3*1H2/q;;2*+2;;;/p-5, EU 2018 dossier: May contain heavy metals including Pb, Cd, As, Ni, CO, Sb & Hg. Scaloppi, E. M. T. et al. Foram realizadas cinco avaliaes de incidncia e severidade em intervalos de 30 dias, estendendo-se at meados de novembro, quando foi realizada a colheita dos frutos. Citrus journal, v. 7, n. 3, p. 18-20, 1997.). Effect of frequency of copper applications on control of citrus canker and the yield of young bearing sweet orange trees. 208 p. ). Moreover, spraying devices have technical limitations that make them unable to generate uniform sprays and produce droplets that reach all the fruit surfaces; and long exposure period of the fruits to the inoculum (higher than 180 days) (AGUIAR et al., 2012Aguiar, R. L. et al. No apparent phytotoxicity symptoms were found, even when using the highest COC rates with 14 applications. SILVA JUNIOR, G. et al. Colletotrichum Host Specificity. 1. ed. Tropical Plant Pathology, v. 37, n. 2, p. 155-158, 2012. This material may settle after packing but net weight is guaranteed. 208 p. ).

Tropical Plant Pathology, v. 37, n. 2, p. 155-158, 2012.) FUNDO DE DEFESA DA CITRICULTURA - FUNDECITRUS. Laranja & Cia, Mato, v. 43, n. 1, p. 10-11, 1996.). The effects of inter-crop cultivation Between rows of citrus crop on spreading of Guignardia citricarpa Ascospores and in the citrus black spot occurrence. ), and pruning (NOZAKI, 2007NOZAKI, M. H. Produo de estruturas reprodutivas e efeito do ambiente nos tipos de sintomas produzidos por Guignardia citricarpa em Citrus spp. COC = copper oxychloride (588 g L-1); CO = cuprous oxide (860 g kg-1); PC = pyraclostrobin (250 g L-1); Rates in mg of metal copper per cubic meter of canopy. Citrus journal, v. 7, n. 3, p. 18-20, 1997. Concluiu-se que aplicaes em intervalos de catorze dias de oxicloreto de cobre SC a 31 e 24,5 mg/m3 copa, foram eficientes no controle de MPC, cuja eficincia foi comparvel ao tratamento padro. Petal fall and at 3-4 weekly intervals until harvest. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. Crop Protection, v. 29, n. 3, p. 300-305, 2010.). The best control of CBS was found using the treatments with the highest COC rates (31 and 24.5 mg m-3), which were similar to each other and to the FST, and better than the control. The use of systemic fungicides is the main control measure for CBS; however, an alternative control measure is the use of cupric fungicides applied alone with short intervals. Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 29, n. 1, p. 81-85, 2004. 1. ed. 208 p. ; McONIE, 1964McONIE, K. C. The latent occurrence in citrus and other hosts of a Guignardia easily confused with G. citricarpa, the citrus black spot pathogen. Tenacity and persistence of copper fungicides in citros seedlings under simulated rainfall. Method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Araraquara, 2019. Jaboticabal: Grfica Multipress Ltda, 2015. Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards, Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC), Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA), Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC), Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC), Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically, Usually supplied as a soluble concentrate or wettable powder that is mixed with water and applied as a spray, Source; quality score; and other information, Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 C (mg l), Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 C, Henry's law constant at 25 C (Pa m mol), Acidic soln: 205nm=2850, 250nm=1461, 800nm=38, 290nm=260, 295nm=195, Dissipation rate RL on and in plant matrix, Aqueous hydrolysis DT (days) at 20 C and pH 7, SCI-GROW groundwater index (g l) for a 1 kg ha or 1 l ha application rate, Potential for particle bound transport index, Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg bw d), Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg bw d), Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg), Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect, Contact acute LD (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - g bee), Oral acute LD (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - g bee), Unknown mode acute LD (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - g bee), Acute LD (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - g insect), Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR g Cu/ha, Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR g Cu/ha, Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC (mg l), Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l), Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC (mg l), Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC (mg l), Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l), Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg), Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC, biomass (mg l), Algae - Acute 72 hour EC, growth (mg l), Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l), Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class), Mammals - Dermal LD (mg kg body weight), ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg bw day), ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg bw day), AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg bw day), AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg bw day), Negligible risk to bystanders for proposed uses, Acceptable risk to operators and workers for proposed uses with PPE/PPC, Statutory EU standard for total copper in drinking water: 2 mg l; Non-statutory WHO guideline for total copper in drinking water: 2 mg l, Mammalian dose elimination route and rate, May emit toxic chlorine gas under certain conditions, Variable with product, usually 3010, 3077 or 3082. Treatments with copper oxychloride (COC) presented incidence of symptomatic fruits of 65.8% to 82%, even using applications with 14-day intervals. citri in leaves and fruits (BEHLAU et al., 2010Behlau, F. et al. The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. KOTZ, J. M. History and epidemiology of citrus black spot in South Africa. The highest fruit yields were obtained when using COC at rates of 24.5 and 31.0 mg m-3 and the FST (CO + pyraclostrobin); the percentages of fruit drop of these treatments were 12, 3%, 11.6%, and 9.3%, respectively. In: PRUSKY, S.; FREEMAN, M.; DICKMAN, B. Thus, managements with lower intervals between applications require a higher number of applications to maintain the ideal protection period. 13, p. 23-25. The percentages of control in treatments with copper oxychloride at rates of 24.5 and 31.0 mg m-3, considering the AUDPC of severity, were 69.4% and 73.3%, respectively. (Portuguese), Text The incidence of symptomatic fruits in the fifth and last evaluation was 89.6%, whereas in the FST it was 54.8%. It has a low aqueous solubility and a low volatility. The less efficient treatments for the control of P. citricarpa (COC at 9.1 and 12.2 mg m-3) had the lowest yields (Figure 3). Elaborao e validao de escala diagramtica para avaliao da severidade da mancha preta em frutos ctricos. Spring months in the state of So Paulo, Brazil, present significant increasing temperature; this favors the maturity of Valencia oranges, but increases the severity of CBS and fruit drop (FEICHTENBERGER, 1996FEICHTENBERGER, E. Mancha Preta ou Pinta Preta dos Citros. Aguiar, R. L. et al. Thus, the protection of fruits with applications of copper oxychloride with 14-day intervals up to the end of the rainy season is important to reduce incidence and severity of CBS and fruit drop in citrus plants. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 35, n. 1, p. 102-111, 2013. Efeito do manejo cultural e qumico na incidncia e severidade da mancha-preta dos citros. 13, p. However, their efficiency is maintained when the protection period is compensated by increasing the number of applications. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. For fruit, vegetables and ornamentals - a unique, easy-to-use, copper fungicide. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. According to Silva Jnior et al. Palavras chave:Citrus sinensis; Controle qumico; Oxicloreto de cobre; Phyllosticta citricarpa. Copper based products have been shown to be affective against many fungal pathogens in field trials. Proceedings of the International Society Citriculture, p. 1296-1299, 1996.) In: PRUSKY, S.; FREEMAN, M.; DICKMAN, B. Use Zagro's Fly Larvae Control Products, Enhance the Animal Performance with Acidifier, Enhancing Animal Performance with Acidifier. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. 208 p. ), reducing the application intervals of cupric fungicides from 25 days to 20 days decreases their efficiency in controlling the pathogen when the number of applications is maintained. Jaboticabal: Grfica Multipress Ltda, 2015. Proceedings of the International Society Citriculture, p. 1296-1299, 1996. Copper is actively accumulated in the fungal spores, inhibiting germination, even at very low concentrations. Means followed by the same lowercase letters in the columns or same uppercase letters in the rows do not differ by the Tukey's test (P0.05). Os tratamentos foram constitudos pelas concentraes: zero (testemunha), 31; 24,5; 18,5; 12,2 e 9,1 mg de cobre metlico/m3, tendo como referncia o fungicida oxicloreto de cobre (588 g L-1 de oxicloreto de cobre ou 350 g de cobre metlico; formulao SC) e, um tratamento adicional, constitudo pela aplicao do fungicida cprico xido cuproso e fungicida do grupo da estrobilurina. Compatible with most other pesticides except Yates Lime Sulfur Concentrate. Compendium of Citrus Diseases. Forms a protective barrier on your plants to prevent attack from fungal spores and bacteria. (Ed.). 208 p. ). Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. Africa, Middle East, South East Asia, Latin America DO NOT spray over or allow drift over an aquatic environment, onto other crops or outside the target area. 1. ed. 2009. The treatment with COC at 24.5 mg m-3 was also efficient, presenting similar results to those of the treatments COC at 31.0 mg m-3 and FST. The evaluations consisted in determining the incidence and severity of CBS in 200 fruits randomly collected from four plants in the center of each plot. O experimento foi instalado no municpio de Bebedouro/SP durante a safra 2014/15, variedade Valncia, em delineamento em blocos casualizados. Y= data obtained according to the, Text The severity of CBS in these treatments was lower than those reported as crucial for fruit drop (FAGAN; GOES, 1999FAGAN, C.; GOES, A. Efeito da severidade da mancha preta dos frutos ctricos causada por Guignardia citricarpa na queda prematura de frutos de laranja Natal. COC = copper oxychloride (588 g L-1); CO = cuprous oxide (860 g kg-1); PC = pyraclostrobin (250 g L-1); Rates in mg of metal copper per cubic meter of canopy; CV = coefficient of variation. The treatments with COC at rates of 24.5 and 31.0 mg m-3 and the FST treatment had similar fruit yield. Compendium of Citrus Diseases. 1. May harm digestive system or liver if taken orally at repeated doses. The effects of inter-crop cultivation Between rows of citrus crop on spreading of Guignardia citricarpa Ascospores and in the citrus black spot occurrence. Therefore, studies evaluating smaller intervals and fractionated rates of cupric fungicides are necessary. Revista Caatinga, v. 29, n. 3, p. 677-684, 2016. Keywords:Citrus sinensis; Chemical control; Fungicide; Phyllosticta citricarpa. Wear protective gloves and eye protection when mixing or using.

Saint Paul, Minnesota: APS Press, 2000. v. 2, cap. Aceleration of the decomposition of Sicilian lemon leaves as an auxiliary measure in the control of citrus black spot. McONIE, K. C. The latent occurrence in citrus and other hosts of a, MOTTA, R. R. Determinao do perodo residual de fungicidas protetores e sistmicos parao controle de, NOZAKI, M. H. Produo de estruturas reprodutivas e efeito do ambiente nos tipos de sintomas produzidos por. Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo. Elaborao e validao de escala diagramtica para avaliao da severidade da mancha preta em frutos ctricos. Perodo de incubao de Guignardia citricarpa em diferentes estdios fenolgicos de frutos de laranjeira Valncia. The protection period of these treatments was higher than 180 days, consequently, they decreased fruit drop in the period with common occurrence of injuries near the plant's peduncles (AGUIAR, 2010AGUIAR, R. L. Produo de anticorpo policional para caracterizao de Phyllosticta citricarpa em tecidos lenhosos de citros. 300-316.). 2010. A fungicide that controls a wide range of fungal and bacterial diseases on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals, protecting the plant. Cupric fungicides based on copper hydroxide result in further damage to the fruit peel (SCHUTTLE; KOTZ, 1997). 70 p. Dissertao (Mestrado em Agronomia: rea de Concentrao em Produo Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, 2009. Plant Disease, v. 65, n. 12, p. 945-50, 1981. ). 2 p. KOTZ, J. M. Epidemiology and control of citrus black spot in South Africa. ), acceleration of decomposition of fallen leaves, intercropping (BELLOTTE et al., 2009BELLOTTE, J. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. Activity is limited to the prevention of spore germination. Araraquara, 2019. It is moderately toxic to mammals and most biodiversity. 23-25.). The severity of CBS increased with fruit maturation, resulting in progressive fruit drops, especially between the last two evaluations (October and November) (Tables 3 and 4). 17, p. 300-316. This is related to the formulation of the copper oxychloride product (SC) because it contains surfactants as adhesive and hydro-resistant agent that do not stain the fruits, and improve the performance of the droplets in the application by reducing their evaporation and increasing their retention time on the target (FONSECA et al., 2016FONSECA, A. E. et al. Copyright 2022 Zagro. Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 29, n. 1, p. 81-85, 2004.). The severity of CBS was higher in the control and in treatments with copper oxychloride at rates of 9.1 and 12.2 mg m-3, which had potential for fruit drop (Figure 2, and Tables 3 and 6). The use of copper oxychloride fungicide (588 g L-1 of copper oxychloride or 350 g of metal copper; concentrated solution formulation) applied alone at rates of 24.5 and 31.0 mg of metal copper per cubic meter of canopy, with 14-day intervals, is efficient to control citrus black spot. The fungicide applications were carried out following technical criteria for uniformity, intervals between applications, volume of the solution applied, and technical details; however, a complete protection of fruits is difficult to achieve because of difficulties of reaching the target uniformly, since the conidia and ascospores are spread randomly on the fruits (ALMEIDA, 2009ALMEIDA, T. F. Mancha preta dos citros: Expresso dos sintomas em frutos pela inoculao com condios e controle do agente causal (Guignardia citricarpa). Citrus industry is important for the Brazilian economy because it generates millions of jobs; however, the sector have facing phytosanitary problems over the years, especially diseases, that have caused negative impacts on citrus fruit production and marketing. Do not contaminate any water supply or fishponds with product or empty container. (Ed.). Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the firs author. BELLOTTE, J. 1. ed. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 24, n. 1, p. 282, 1999.). Bud burst and green tip (Sept), leaf fall (May) and winter dormancy. NOT TO BE USED FOR ANY PURPOSE OR IN ANY MANNER CONTRARY TO THIS LABEL UNLESS AUTHORISED. Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo. Brazil is one of the world's largest citrus producing countries and So Paulo is the Brazilian largest citrus producing state.

Early & late blight, leaf spots, bacterial blight, Black spot, downy mildew, leaf spots, fire blight. 396 p. Behlau, F. et al. May cause injury to soft plant tissue and chrysanthemums, and may russet some varieties of fruit.



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