Relax your breath. We audio-recorded and content analyzed the interviews (e.g., Krippendorff, 2004) to identify activity factors, outcomes, and participant wording used. doi: 10.1089/eco.2013.0016. Our team put lots of thought into designing these and we'd love to hear your feedback. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc. Lumber, R., Richardson, M., and Sheffield, D. (2017). Begin with a word or sound that suits the day, and then going around the circle each person contributes a word/sound until a freestyle poem emerges and runs its course. Psychol. We thank Richard Bradbury for advice on analyses, Saskia Wischnewski for assistance with data collection, Anna Franklin for assistance with data entry, James Hoggett for comments on the manuscript, and RSPB staff, volunteers and visitors for their participation. RD2 Res. Although species and habitats are in decline in the United Kingdom (Hayhow et al., 2019), a 2017 survey showed that 47% of the United Kingdom population was unaware or unconcerned about biodiversity loss, with a further 42% showing only some engagement (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2019). In addition to revealing a variety of feelings and thoughts post-activity [see results in section Nature Activity Aspects (b)], interview participants identified a number of behaviors they might intend to do following a nature activity. Model 1, with age, gender and trait NC as predictors, explained 10% of the variance in behavior (HL R2 = 0.10, p < 0.001), with trait NC the only significant predictor (b = 0.49, z = 4.43, and p < 0.001). Exhale slowly to the count of five.
(2014) review. Did you plant a pandemic garden or start a butterfly garden with native plants? Moving waters encourage going with the flow, letting go, movement, change, and creative energy.
Remember fawns dont have a scent! Age did not correlate with behavior but was included to maintain consistency with the BI regressions. The 11-item selection included the four items with the highest zero-order correlations, giving confidence that potentially important variables were included. Psychol. Behav. Create an impermanent artwork made from found elements of nature. Costello, A. 24, 503515. ENACT correlated with NC measures and offered incremental validity in predicting nature-related behavioral intentions and self-reported behaviors after 1 month. (LogOut/ From this research, practitioners can focus on particular aspects of NC activities in order to promote NC, nature-related behavioral intention and motivate nature-related behavior in the short term. Kals, E., Schumacher, D., and Montada, L. (1999). To date, there has been no way of measuring the effect of participating in these activities on peoples intentions to behave more positively for nature, resulting in a plethora of activities with little assessment of their effectiveness in terms of NC. Hove: Routledge. If youre alone, sit someplace quietly and open yourself to observe the animals by maintaining a neutral, open, gentle state of awareness. Explaining proenvironmental intention and behaviour by personal norms and the theory of planned behaviour. We could only develop one suitable item for Meaning, which also linked with sense of place frameworks (Masterson et al., 2017).
If youre with others, try a gallery walk afterwards to share your creations. Stat. We then used a series of logistic regressions to examine whether ENACT scores predicted behavior after controlling for demographic variables, trait and state NC. Send that tree love and thanks, wish it well with how the world is. Thanks for subscribing! There are some design and contextual limitations to this study that may influence the wider applicability of ENACT. Access our Kaiako/Teacher Guides that support the delivery of these activities in a classroom setting. In addition, existing NC measures were not designed to predict specific outcomes; for example, they are not designed to target just those aspects of NC that best predict conservation behavior, which is a key goal in this context. Tapping into the mystery and wonder of Mother Nature is not only a gift, but essential. The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.618283/full#supplementary-material.
(2017), who examined relationships between NC and nine possible ways of engaging with nature, based on the Biophilia hypothesis (Kellert and Wilson, 1995). For example, which strategies or interventions are most effective for cultivating NC and why? (LogOut/ Review and reflect on past entries occasionally. The first factor accounted for 38% of the variance, with an eigenvalue of 4.22. Copyright 2021 Carr and Hughes.
Conserv. Methods Res. Of those who had taken action to help nature (N = 80), the actions reported most frequently were feeding birds or other wildlife in my garden or local area (86%) and recycling more or reducing waste (73%); all other types of action were taken by less than half of these participants. Cohen, J. 34, 723746. Repeat. Nature Connection (NC) is considered an important driver of conservation behavior. J. Environ.
J. Soc. Ecol. It helps us remember what has been observed and learned, cultivates on-going curiosity and contributes to establishing a sense of place. Imagine the forest air soothing your body with every in-breath and your tiredness dissolving into the ground with every out-breath.
Table 3 shows descriptive statistics and correlations for the main study variables. The work of Andy Goldsworthy is an inspiration, but we need not go so far!
16, 6473.
Behav.
Trees provide a non-judging space to express yourself. doi: 10.1027//1016-9040.4.2.59. Clayton, S. D. (2003). London: Free Association Books. R Core Team (2018).
The survey was either completed verbally, with us recording participants responses, or completed independently by the participant (e.g., when two or more participants needed to complete surveys concurrently) while we remained nearby to answer any queries. (2017). The behaviors that participants most often probably or definitely intended to do in the next month were: tell other people about the event (86%), visit a different nature reserve (78%), and spend more time in natural places (71%). doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.10.001, Mayer, F. S., Frantz, C. M., Bruehlman-Senecal, E., and Dolliver, K. (2009). Predictors of nature connection among urban residents: assessing the role of childhood and adult nature experiences. Thus, a tool to specifically assess the aspects of activities and state NC that are relevant to nature-related behavior intentions and short-term behaviors would be a crucial development. Comparison of follow-up participants with participants lost to follow-up indicated little evidence of attrition bias. The State of Nature Partnership. Developing peoples NC in order to motivate conservation behavior, has become an important focus for organizations and groups that understand conservation action requires more than just information provision (Toomey et al., 2017). Our Kaupapa doi: 10.1177/0013916518811431. The training sample equation predicted results in the testing sample reasonably well, providing support for the generalizability of the results.
It also solidifies our relationship with living mystery, enhances our resilience and will help us face hard information. The nature relatedness scale linking individuals connection with nature to environmental concern and behavior. Using your senses, let yourself be drawn to an element of nature, such as a tree, a rock, or light. Repeat. Although a two-factor solution was also plausible, it was not readily interpretable. 57, 739750. Determinants of restorative experiences in everyday favorite places. We can take steps to reconcile our relationship to our non-human kin. On a walking trail, park or open space, walk at a pace that feels comfortable to you for about 20 minutes. J. Appl.
Although the three repeating nature activities items could be interpreted as a separate factor, this subset was not sufficiently reliable to be used in isolation. Whats in bloom or what is going to rest?
Psychol. (1966). 2022 Whenua Iti Outdoors. Available online at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pwr (accessed October 30, 2018). Soc. Eur. All adults leaving each activity after at least 1 h were approached to participate (as far as feasible). doi: 10.1111/spc3.12265, Smits, N., van der Ark, L. A., and Conijn, J. M. (2018). ENACT was significantly positively correlated with both measures of NC (p < 0.001), indicating that ENACT is tapping into elements of NC and providing evidence of convergent validity (Cohen, 1992). Behav. Intention may be particularly relevant in the context of evaluating short-term activities, where there is limited opportunity to demonstrate actual behavior. Pause. Psychol. Maloney, P., Grawitch, M. J., and Barber, L. K. (2011). The BI index showed good internal reliability ( = 0.74) and principal components factor analysis suggested a single factor. Put your hands over your heart and feel your heartbeat. 27, 16731682. Animals experience the world in ways that overlap our own, and each species has special characteristics. A liberal criterion where the minimum probability of F is 0.15 to 0.20 is recommended (rather than 0.05), for entry of predictors into a forward regression so that important variables are less likely to be excluded from the model (Bendel and Afifi, 1977; Tabachnick and Fidell, 2001). (2017) NC pathways (Contact, Beauty, Emotion, and Compassion); for Emotion, we used the two most frequently-mentioned specific emotions (Calm and Excitement). The connectedness to nature scale: a measure of individuals feeling in community with nature. This study aimed to develop a short, practical survey tool (ENACT) that could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of nature activities that are designed to connect adults to nature in order to promote future conservation behavior. 68:101389. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101389, Masterson, V. A., Stedman, R. C., Enqvist, J., Teng, M., Giusti, M., Wahl, D., et al.
The survey included introductory information to enable informed consent and debrief information. Data assumptions were checked and met for each model. DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Shes also the Director of Communications, Culture and Community of EPIC Learning Centre, a forest and nature school in Victoria, B.C. The work of Andy Goldsworthy is an inspiration, but we need not go so far! Nature contact, nature connectedness and associations with health, wellbeing and pro-environmental behaviours. Descriptive statistics and correlations for main study variables. Collinearity diagnostics did not reveal any problems of multi-collinearity. This research aims to determine the aspects of nature activities (both aspects that directly promote NC and those that indirectly support NC) that predict conservation behavior, and provide a suitable tool to evaluate them.
Soak it all up! At Step 2, state NC explained an additional 3% of the variance in BI (p = 0.007), suggesting that it offers incremental validity over trait NC in predicting BI.
R. B. Cattell (Chicago, IL: Rand McNally). By focusing your attention on things that fill you with gratitude, you can shift your mind from any negativity or pessimistic thoughts. doi: 10.1177/0049124113509605, Richardson, M., Hunt, A., Hinds, J., Bragg, R., Fido, D., Petronzi, D., et al.
Kaiser, F. G., Ranney, M., Hartig, T., and Bowler, P. A. Let your senses be awake and speak aloud a gratitude. Stay with the areas of your body that call your attention. Environ. Practice witnessing and being seen. Revilla, M. A., Saris, W. E., and Krosnick, J.
Relax your breath.
30, 455463. Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analyses.
The intention is to rest your mind and let it be open to receive. We triangulated data from the focus group and interviews to identify a range of short-term behaviors that represented successful outcomes for a nature activity and used these to create an 8-item index of desirable, nature-related behavioral intentions (BI; Supplementary Material 4). Please check your entries and try again.
Thomas, R., Lello, J., Medeiros, R., Pollard, A., Robinson, P., Seward, A., et al. What does it tell you about itself?
Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, 3rd Edn. It is possible that no answer will come while you wait, but it may come to you later in another way. Read the story behind this film and get a copy of the poem at this link. Similarly, although there was no gender difference in ENACT scores, females (M = 3.91, SD = 0.67) scored significantly higher than males (M = 3.69, SD = 0.69) on BI [t(230) = 2.45, p = 0.015], so gender was also included. Then, give yourselves a fun task, such as building animal homes, or a enacting the role of your animal. A power primer. (2014) pointed out a shortage of research evaluating the effectiveness of interventions that aim to increase NC, and this situation continues. Constructing validity: basic issues in objective scale development. A simple logistic regression showed that ENACT score was a significant predictor of behavior (H-L R2 = 0.14, b = 0.55, z = 5.61, and p < 0.001), providing evidence of the predictive validity of ENACT.
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