A combination of grape extract, green tea extract and L-carnitine improves high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Lifestyle interventions such as improvement of eating habits or physical activity are commonly recommended for NAFLD and NASH, but no effective medical therapy for these diseases has been established, although many medications for the treatment of NAFLD is undergoing clinical trials in the Western countries. [38] Body weight and adiposity were blunted by catechin administration in the obese mouse model C57BL/6J. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2009;54:1517. Saadeh S, Younossi ZM, Remer EM, Gramlich T, Ong JP, Hurley M, et al. Johansson G, Westerterp KR. [22] In fact, when NAFLD appears that fat comprises 510% of liver's weight. Hamza A, Zhan CG. NAFLD was diagnosed via liver ultrasonography and no history of heavy alcohol intake. Hakim IA, Harris RB, Brown S, Chow HH, Wiseman S, Agarwal S, et al. Binukumar BK, Bal A, Kandimalla R, Sunkaria A, Gill KD. Previous studies have reported that tea extract supplementation has potential benefits on the risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, no study has investigated the direct effect of daily tea consumption on the prevalence of NAFLD in the general population. Barchetta I, Angelico F, Del Ben M, Baroni MG, Pozzilli P, Morini S, et al. A total of 80 participants (2050 years) with NAFLD were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either green tea extract (GTE) supplement (500 mg GTE tablet per day) or placebo for 90 days. Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH. The FFQ included seven frequency categories ranging from almost never eat to twice or more per day for foods and eight frequency categories ranging from almost never drink to four or more times per day for beverages. At the beginning of the study, the groups were similar based upon weight (87.22 11.75 kg and 90.51 14.88 kg in intervention and placebo group, respectively) and liver enzymes. 2018;32:187684. In addition to the development of a fatty liver, NAFLD patients may also exhibit inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis of the liver, which are known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). If fatty acid uptake by hepatocytes increases, fatty acid pools in the liver increase and accumulate in the hepatocytes as acylglycerol, increasing the load on hepatic mitochondria. Also Lifestyles, modifications, particularly weight reduction may more improve the condition of this disease. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that included 100 food items with specified serving sizes. [34,35] So according to the significant reduction in BMI and weight effected by taking GTE daily in the intervention group, this drug can be considered as an effective drug and can be prescribed for NAFLD patients. China food composition. will also be available for a limited time. Further studies are needed to explore the associations between more cups of tea drinking (e.g., equivalent to 500mg of catechins/day) and the prevalence of NAFLD. Nat Rev Nephrol. Fan JG, Jia JD, You Ming LI, Wang BY, Lun Gen LU, Shi JP, et al. Metabolic equivalents (METs; hours per week) were calculated using corresponding MET coefficients (3.3, 4.0, and 8.0, respectively) according to the following formula: MET coefficient of activity duration (hours)frequency (days). Liu X, Xu W, Cai H, Gao YT, Li H, Ji BT, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. How can (-)-epigallocatechin gallate from green tea prevent HIV-1 infection. Bellentani S, Dalle Grave R, Suppini A, Marchesini G, Fatty liver Italian N. Behavior therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The need for a multidisciplinary approach. All P values for linear trend were calculated according to the categories of tea consumption (almost never: 1, <1 cup/week: 2, 16 cups/week: 3, 1 cup/day: 4) based on logistic regression. The chemistry of tea flavonoids. NAFLD prevalence has increased with the change in eating habits, thus identifying an effective treatment for NAFLD is a significant public health objective. Despite the limitations, the results of the present study demonstrate that consumption of tea ( 1 cup/day) is not associated with the prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD among general Chinese adults. 2018;15:129. Yang Xia and Xuena Wang contributed equally to this work. CAS Daily tea consumption yields a lower content of catechins than in tea extract. Yang CQ, Shu L, Wang S, Wang JJ, Zhou Y, Xuan YJ, et al. Tea (Camellia sinensis Theaceae) was discovered in China in 3000BC or earlier [8]. Fourth, all the previous studies on tea and NAFLD showed effects at dosage higher than 500mg of catechins/day (equivalent to 9 cups of green tea).
BMJ. Part 2. Moreover, a previous study conducted among Chinese women showed that tea consumption is associated with the serum concentration of total organochlorine pesticides (r=0.14, P<0.05) [29]. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Catechin, one of the main flavonoids in green tea has recently attracted attention for its anti-tumor[2] and anti-arteriosclerotic[3] effects. Hyperlipidemia was defined as TC5.20mmol/L, or TG1.70mmol/L, or self-reported clinically diagnosed hyperlipidemia according to 2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults [18]. Adriano LS, Sampaio HA, Arruda SP, Portela CL, de Melo MLP, Carioca AA, et al. All participants were asked to maintain their usual lifestyle. B., Y. G., S. S., X. W., M. Z., Q. J. and K. S., conducted research; Y. X. analyzed data; Y. X. and Q. W. wrote the paper. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the eighth joint National Committee (JNC 8). Part 3. Personal characteristics Inc. demographic and disease history were obtained. dissertation which was approved by School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences with code 393254.
Shrestha S, Ehlers SJ, Lee JY, Fernandez ML, Koo SI. All the studies pooled in that meta-analysis explored the effect of tea consumption on the risk factors of NAFLD by using green tea extract supplementation as treatment [11]. Lifestyle-related factors such as poor diet, obesity, excessive alcohol intake, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia have all been proposed to contribute to NAFLD. This technique has a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 93% and is widely used in population-based studies due to its noninvasiveness and easy accessibility [33]. American DA. [29,30] In the present study, the effects of GTE prescription on liver function test were evaluated. We gratefully thank all the participants in the study and Tianjin Medical University General Hospital-Health Management Center for the opportunity to perform the study. Management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 2015. Mitochondrial energy metabolism impairment and liver dysfunction following chronic exposure to dichlorvos. Epigallocatechin gallate, a green tea polyphenol, mediates NO-dependent vasodilation using signaling pathways in vascular endothelium requiring reactive oxygen species and Fyn. Bruno RS, Dugan CE, Smyth JA, DiNatale DA, Koo SI. The correlation coefficients for food items (fruits, vegetables, fish, meat, and beverages) between two food frequency questionnaires administered three months apart ranged from 0.62 to 0.79. Association of serum concentration of organochlorine pesticides with dietary intake and other lifestyle factors among urban Chinese women. Part of [10,11] In addition, results of animal experiments have indicated that catechins affect the lipid metabolism by decreasing triglyceride and total cholesterol levels[12] and enhancing energy utilization. C R Biol.
However, the amounts of catechins in most commercially available green teas is about 60mg per 200ml [28], which is equal to one cup in the present study. A previous meta-analysis of four clinical trials suggested that green tea extract supplementation yield benefits on NAFLD related risk factors [11]. 2015;7:29627. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common chronic liver disease and potentially affects 25% of the global adult population [1]. Article Phytother Res. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated. The mechanisms underlying how green tea protects against NAFLD are mostly related to catechins present in tea. volume18, Articlenumber:71 (2019) California Privacy Statement, Ultrasonography was used to diagnose fatty liver in patients with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >31 mg/dl and 41 mg/dl and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >31 mg/dl and 47 g/dl in women and men, respectively and without other hepatic diseases. Privacy The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Google Scholar. The associations between tea consumption and the prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD are shown in Table2. The participants with NAFLD in the present study are newly diagnosed and have not changed their habits of tea consumption in the preceding five years. Diabetes Care. The present study has some limitations. Mechanistic insights from computational modeling and the implication for rational design of anti-HIV-1 entry inhibitors? Healthy dietary pattern is inversely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in elderly. 1Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, 2Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Metabolic Liver Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, 3School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, 4Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. It is believed to have beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, one of which is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Correspondence to Model 1 was adjusted for age, BMI, and sex. about navigating our updated article layout. This cross-sectional study was based on the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIHealth) Cohort Study, which is a large prospective dynamic cohort study that focuses on the relationships between chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and the health status of a population living in Tianjin, China [12]. Of totally 153 recruited patients, only 80 confirmed NAFLD patients met the inclusion criteria Inc. aged 2050 years of gender and body mass index (BMI) equal or over 30 kg/m2. [21] In fact, this disease includes a wide range of disorders from accumulated lipid in the big vesicular form to accumulated lipid with inflammation, cirrhosis, and hepatic damage. Z., L. L., G. M., H. W., X. Rezg R, Mornagui B, El-Fazaa S, Gharbi N. Biochemical evaluation of hepatic damage in subchronic exposure to malathion in rats: effect on superoxide dismutase and catalase activities using native PAGE. National Library of Medicine Green tea extract protects leptin-deficient, spontaneously obese mice from hepatic steatosis and injury. Cookies policy. [5] They have been found to decrease oxidative stress[6] and to exert anti-virus,[7] anti-allergenic,[8] anti-hypertensive,[9] and anti-hyperglycemic effects. According to the findings of this study, GTE supplementation decrease liver enzymes in patients with NAFLD. However, no significant association was found between tea consumption and NAFLD after adjustment for socio-demographic, behavioural, anthropometric, dietary, and clinical confounding factors. Beneficial effects of fermented green tea extract in a rat model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Echogenisity grading was performed using SonoAce X4 Medison (South Korea, Seoul). Nomura H, Kashiwagi S, Hayashi J, Kajiyama W, Tani S, Goto M. Prevalence of fatty liver in a general population of Okinawa, Japan. Kaijun Niu or Yuhong Zhao. Compared with the participants who never drink tea, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of newly diagnosed NAFLD in the highest categories ( 1 cup/day) of green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and jasmine tea were 1.48 (1.33, 1.65), 1.50 (1.33, 1.68), and 1.28 (1.13, 1.46), and 1.36 (1.20, 1.54) before adjustments, respectively.
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