It was thought that effective su

It was thought that effective surface treatment from the silane coupling agent-improved adhesion between the polylactic acid matrix and the bamboo fibre. At present, there are about 3000 companies around the world that are engaged in the production of various bamboo-based products [77]. Bamboo has been known to find large applications for both food and non-food industries. This resulted in significant improvements in both the static and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites by the improved interfacial adhesion.

The use of bamboo fibres as a replacement for petroleum-derived fibres can breed the development of eco-friendly products that exert less pressure on the environment. In addition, it significantly prevented the penetration and movement of water in the composites and resulted in reduced water uptake rates and diffusion coefficients. A short film commissioned by INBAR for the World Expo in Shanghai, profiling bamboo - and its many innovative uses as a strong, lightweight, sustainable, carbon capturing material, including surfboards, bikes, and building materials. It serves as a substitute for wood charcoal or mineral coal and has been reported to possess absorption capacity which is six times that of wood charcoal of the same weight [3, 14]. globalindustrial midnight However, bamboo offers an ecologically viable alternative to timber for construction due to its low-cost and fast growth rate [3]. Their mechanical, thermal, rheological property, morphology and miscibility properties were extensively studied. Everything in between is possible with bamboo!". [30], when comparing the annual biomass yield between bamboo and Miscanthusspecies, reported that of bamboo to range from 5.9 to 49.5Mgha1year1. Bamboo shoot is one vegetable that is free in pollution, low in fat and high in edible fibre and rich in mineral. Maleic anhydride grafting onto poly(l-lactic acid) balanced the improvements of stiffness and ductility, exhibiting best overall properties [67]. Medicine made from the leaves of Pleioblastus amarusis used for treating fever, fidgeting and lungs inflammation [98]. Bamboo vegetable, bamboo edible shoots, bakery products, diary products, meat and aquatic products, Hardware for electronics, wrist watches, chains, fan blades, Ornamental plants, bamboo livestock feeds, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. They have high potentials in carbon fixation, and this is due to the prediction that the carbon stocks in bamboo stands based on previous data for 2050 may get to 1017.64 Tg C [26] or reach 1138.8 Tg C [27]. Its use varies from domestic household products to industrial applications, from medicine to nutrition and from toys to aircraft production. Its natural hollow form makes bamboo an obvious choice for manytraditional instruments such as a wide variety of flutes, but because of the excellent sound properties of solid bamboo panels it is now also used for making modern guitars. Bamboo is endowed with a long fibre length, and this makes bamboo pulp suitable for papermaking. It is also an essential food for the giant pandas in China because they survive only on bamboos. HeadquartersIntechOpen Limited5 Princes Gate Court,London, SW7 2QJ,UNITED KINGDOM, Mayowa Akeem Azeez and Joshua Iseoluwa Orege, Bamboo building or civil construction materials, Bamboo livestock feed and ornamental plant, Bamboo chemicals and pharmaceutical products. The effect of acrylic acid-grafted bamboo rayon on the antibacterial activity of acrylic acid-grafted bamboo rayon silver nanoparticles has been reported [54]. *Address all correspondence to: mayowa.azeez@eksu.edu.ng. Bamboo is considered an alternative to wood owing to their excellent qualities in physical and mechanical attributes [23]. The list of musical bamboo instruments is indeed very long and include xylophones, rainsticks, marimbas, angklung, castanets, drum sticks, zithers, slit drums, chimes, maracas, guitars, ukuleles, violins, Chapman sticks, pan flutes, didgeridoos, pipe organs, saxophones, clarinets, kazoos, whistles, trumpets, and piccolos just to name a few. The liquor ratio was 20, and the pH was maintained at 10.5. Bamboo is used to make musical instruments for thousands of years, probably as a percussion instrument at first, but later also for wind instruments and stringed instruments. Similarly, Kumar and Kumar [50] in their work confirmed that the alkali and silane treatments with nano-clay filler improved the dielectric and mechanical properties of bamboo-epoxy composites. They contribute about 90% of the total bamboo mass. Figures of nutrient contents of Bambusa vulgarisshow it to contain crude protein (10.1g), crude fibre (21.7g), ether extract (2.5g), ash (21.3g), phosphorous (86mg), iron (13.4mg), vitamin B1 (0.1mg), vitamins B2 (2.54mg) and carotene (12.3mg)/100g). It is suitable for reinforcing concrete [75]. Apart from the above, several other applications exist, though on a relatively small scale. As an Amazon Associate, we may earn commissions from qualifying purchases made through links on this website. The enhancement in mechanical properties was also an indication of strong bonding between matrix and bamboo fibre [73]. Bamboo is found in abundance in Asia and South America [11]. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. Bamboo greenhouses are very popular among farming communities in the tropics because a bamboo greenhouse is much more economical to build, operate and maintain compared to conventional steel framed greenhouses. Hong etal. And as such, several outstanding bamboo fibres can be obtained and incorporate other materials to produce excellent performance composites that can favourably compete with many conventional materials. Percentage of world bamboo resources by continent [14]. China and India use bamboo mainly for producing pulp and paper. Bamboo fibres could also be modified by atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) technique. Bamboo is a principal construction material in many countries, particularly in rural areas. Today we see a boom of innovative bamboo products and applications as a sustainable alternative for wood. Traveler | Ex-pat | Failing polymath | Career generalist | Frumpy snarky dude whos interested in far too many topics | PB&T creator | Top 1000 Writer. Industrial application of bamboo is in the areas highlighted below: Bamboo is a good source of food particularly the shoot. The alkali-treated fibres are then passed through multi-phase bleaching. He etal. Properties such as appearance, strength and hardness combined with its rapid growth rate and capacity for sustainable harvesting have made bamboo an attractive substitute in different industrial sectors and these have successively created great opportunities for its development [3]. Activated carbon is a non-graphitic form of carbon, which is produced by activation of any carbonaceous material such as bamboo, wood chips, etc. Bamboos, in particular, have attracted special attention owing to their awesome properties including and not limited to sustainability, renewability and biodegradability. As many cups as possible can be taken as bamboo tea stimulates metabolism without side effects [3]. Craft products are to be developed differently, marketed and promoted in innovative and various ways if they are to compete and survive in the international market. Common bamboo species that can be used for this purpose (see Table 5). Bamboo plays a significant role as a material for consumer products. It has been found to have a high level of acetylcholine, which acts as a neurotransmitter in animals and humans [98]. Notably, cellulose content decreases with increase in age of bamboo. Bamboo plant is considered medicinal. [63] evaluated the effect of pressing time on physical and mechanical properties of phenolic-impregnated bamboo strips. They include drainpipes made from wood boards or box drains, bricks, horseshoe-shaped ceramic tile, circular clay tile, concrete tile, bituminised fibre perforated pipe, perforated smooth plastic pipe to corrugated plastic pipe. Acrylonitrile treatment of bamboo fibre has been reported to improve the tensile, flexural and water absorption properties of acrylonitrile-treated bamboo fibre composites [49]. 2018 The Author(s). The common species of bamboo used for this purpose are given in Table 5. Activated charcoal is used as a deodorant, purifier, disinfectant, medicine, agricultural chemicals and an absorbent of pollution and excessive moisture. Bamboo is a lignocellulosic biomass from which some value-added products can be obtained. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Countries with the largest bamboo resources in the world [15]. The bark is a cure for eruptions [99]. The treated pulp was called bleached bamboo fibre. The aboveground biomass of bamboo in the Philippines was first reported as 146.8Mgha1year1 (Suzuki and Jacalne [119]). In another study, Kushwaha and Kumar [69] investigated the effect of silanes on the mechanical properties of bamboo fibre-epoxy composites. The culm, shoot and leaf of bamboo have been reported to possess anti-oxidation, anti-ageing, antibacterial and antiviral properties. One pot synthesis generated the coupling agents. Pre-treatment of bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) with dilute sulphuric acid before enzymatic hydrolysis process to produce fermentable sugars has also been investigated [38]. It functions well in removing sputum, enhancing digestion, relieving toxicity, improving dieresis and it is frequently used for healing swollen tissues or oedema and abdominal disease in which watery fluids collect in cavities or body tissues [76]. Its abundance, chemical composition and numerous applications are reviewed in this work. It has been found out that from 4 tons of bamboo nearly 1 ton of pulp is produced which is utilised in different furnishes for production of paper and board [78]. The result revealed that coupling agent enhanced the affinity between fibre and polyvinyl matrix by lowering down the interfacial tension. Recently in another study, a solvent (concentrated phosphoric acid) and organic solvent (95% ethanol)-based lignocellulose fractionation (COSLIF) methods have been developed to pre-treat bamboo [34]. After treating for 24h at 50C, the obtained bamboo fibre suspension was cooled then dialysed against distilled water to remove low molecular weight compounds. During my last visit home to Canada about a year ago, I noticed a new interesting trend at the time. It is also given internally for treatment of bronchitis, gonorrhoea and fever. [21] reported that bio-ethanol production from bamboo can also follow the general process for ethanol production from other lignocellulosic materials, which including pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Licensee IntechOpen. It can be used for almost all parts of houses, including posts, roofs, walls, floors, beams, trusses and fences [14]. Some chemical and pharmaceutical products are cellulose, bio-ethanol, bio-methane, starch, charcoal, flavour and preservatives, bamboo leaf tea (see Table 5). Tea made from the bamboo leaf is rich in silica, which is important in bone and other rigid tissue health. Various craft products made of bamboo are baskets, tools, handles, hats, traditional toys, mat, flooring material, purses, bags, satchels, tea packaging, floor tiles, general household product, furniture, utensils, musical instruments, etc. Marco Polo was the first to reveal the domestic value and importance of bamboo to the Western World trough his historic travels in Asia. The shoot also contains saccharine, which can resist little mouse tumour and has anti-ageing elements [20, 80]. Sign up with your email address to receive news and updates. Others include resins, waxes and inorganic salts. The total production capacity of bamboo pulp in China reached 2,4 million tons in 2017, of which 80% of the pulp is used for the production of unbleached bamboo pulp for household paper grades. Drainpipes made from bamboo serve as low-cost substitute to those made from assorted materials. Ethiopia has over 1 million ha of highland and lowland bamboo resources, which is about 86% of the African bamboo resource that serves as a subsistence material for rural communities [18, 19]. Many Filipinos use this bamboo to make "Kerosene Bamboo Cannons", which they use as an alternative to firecrackers, during Christmas and the New Year. Fact is, everything that can be made from wood can also be made with bamboo. The bamboo potential as an industrial raw material is linked to its agronomical and technological characteristics [2]. In Central America, Bambusa vulgaris poles were used for many years to prop bananas for United Fruit. However, cost, energy, water, and chemical concerns in manufacturing still must be addressed. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. Bamboo leaf contains 25% flavine and phenolic compound that have the power to remove active oxy-free radicals, stopping nitrification and abating blood fat. After being washed with hot water, the fibres were treated with 0.04% xylanase and 0.5% DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) at 70C for 60min at a pH of 6.5. Many bamboos are popularly used as ornamental plants to beautify homes and gardens. How? A few examples of bamboo paper products are coffee filters, paper cups, paper towels, toilet paper, cardboard, kraft paper, and bond paper. Another significant product from bamboo is activated carbon. Bamboo has been used for thousands of years by many cultures around the world. Bamboo may, therefore, serve as the key to combating energy problem, especially in developing nations if adopted. Bamboo extracts contain valuable elements, which are used in pharmaceuticals, creams and beverages. Free Rides in Couch Bikes Soothe Senior Loneliness, Remember Flying? With the application of correct treatment, suitable fibres can be extracted from bamboo for various purposes. Of late, research has shown bamboo charcoal as one of the base materials for human health, from water treatment to its uses as a shield from electromagnetic radiation. Chemical composition of bamboo fibre [33]. This goes from construction materials to food, medicine, musical instruments, fabrics, paper pulp, fencing, basketry, utensils, bicycles, and so on Therefor te better question would be: What products cannot be made from bamboo? Or as the ancient Asian saying goes:"A man is born in a bamboo cradle and goes away in a bamboo coffin. non-woody) plant, which produces primary shoot without any later secondary growth [8]. The ashes of bamboo are used to polish jewels and manufacture electrical batteries. SEM studies carried out showed a better dispersion of fibre into the PVC matrix due to an increased amount of coupling agents used. In recent years different technologies have been developed that allow bamboo fiber to be used for a wide range of textile, fabrics, yarn, cloth, clothing and fashion applications such as T-shirts, pants, underwear, socks, towels, bedsheets, pillow covers, blankets, mattresses, and even bulletproof vests. In another interesting study reported by Kumar and Kumar [50], alkali treatment of bamboo fibre further increased the tensile and flexural strength of bamboo-epoxy nanocomposites by 60 and 42%, respectively, as compared to pure composites. Several studies were conducted on physical and mechanical characteristics to test the bamboo as construction material. The fibres obtained were then heated for about 60min at 100C, except using 0.7% NaOH. Various bamboo furniture products including bamboo panel, composite board and particleboard have been developed in China [76]. It creates a rough fibre surface, activates hydroxyl groups and improves the fibre tensile strength. Two manufacturing processes are currently used to make textiles from bamboo:chemical processing and mechanical processing. The leaf bud of B. spinosais used in leprosy, fever and haemoptysis. [67] carried out a comparative study on the effect of alkali soaking, silane coupling agent and maleic anhydride grafting on the mechanical properties of cellulose/poly(l-lactic acid) composites. Handicraft products with bamboo are exported mainly from Asian countries to other parts of the world. [64] developed and reported an efficient and eco-friendly technology for the improvement of interfacial adhesion of bamboo fibre-Unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites. In recent years, the development and utilisation of bamboo have attracted particular attention, not only in paper, textile and food industry but also for construction and reinforcing fibres. When bamboo is laminated and used to produce furniture, it is difficult to differentiate it from wood [75]. They originate from India where the first polo club was established in 1833. Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene was chosen, supported as a compatibiliser to improve adhesion between fibre and matrix. Given its proprieties, bamboo continues to be used for the production of new products. A functional silane was employed as a coupling agent to enhance the interfacial adhesion between bamboo fibre and polylactic acid [68]. Travelling Argentina Las Damas Son Sin Corazones, 10 Places You NEED to Visit in New York City. Bamboo fibres have great potential as an alternative to inorganic fillers and are raw material for fabricating a composite material, and their applicability is being widely investigated. [8, 12, 13]. Activated bamboo charcoal has found application in cleaning the environment, absorbing excess moisture and producing medicines [81]. Unless a product is made directly with bamboo fiber (mechanically processed bamboo) it is not allowed be called bamboo. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. Bamboo grows in plains, hilly and high altitude mountainous regions, and in most kinds of soils, except alkaline soils, desert and marsh [25]. Liu etal.

Green composites, defined as biodegradable biopolymers reinforced by natural fibres, have very low impact on the environment, and thus they are one of the potential alternatives to replace conventional petroleum-based polymers and polymer composites. These studies can provide better cultivation, harvest and processing techniques, besides analysis of mechanical and physical properties of bamboo stems. This method has made the incorporation of poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PPEGMA) onto the surfaces of bamboo fibres to improve interfacial adhesion between bamboo fibre and poly-(butylene succinate) [66]. Bamboo gas can be used as a substitute for petroleum. They present versatile structure produced by physical and mechanical properties and low specific weight [2]. The silane-treated bamboo fibre-reinforced polylactic acid composite showed excellent mechanical and thermal properties compared with the properties of polylactic acid composite containing delignified BF. Afghani designer Massoud Hassani invented a wind powered bamboo minesweeper that can potentially save thousands of lives. The use of bamboo fibres as reinforcement in composite materials has been immensely amplified with high-tech revolution in recent years. NaOH solution pre-treatment of cellulose provided the composites with the highest stiffness, KH560 modification resulted in best ductility. Lu etal. It is worthy of note that a bamboo fuelled power station is being built in Mizoram state of India to help meet the energy need of Indias northeast [93]. In China bamboo fiber has been used to make paper since early times, but in recent years, bamboo has emerged as an important raw material for the pulp and paper industry due to the shortage of wood resources. Many research and technical works have been carried out on the chemical modification of bamboo fibres to improve their properties for specialised applications [43, 44, 45, 46]. This process removes the natural characteristics of bamboo fiber, rendering it identical to rayon from other cellulose sources. The minor components are pigments, tannins, protein, fat, pectin and ash. Laminated bamboo furniture is on the rise rapidly in the world especially Asia. Some minor applications include the use of its leaves for medical purposes, fresh edible shoots and culms for timber or as a raw material for pulping [8]. This is due to the nutritious and active minerals (such as vitamins, amino acids, flavine, phenolic acids, polysaccharide, trace elements and steroids) they contain [76]. This is as a response to the increasing demand for developing materials that are biodegradable, sustainable and recyclable [15]. Such rayon is made by dissolving the cellulose in the bamboo, and then extruding it to form fibers. The high contents of starch and cellulose, 7085% of the stem, have given bamboo an advantage as an alternative source of alcohol production. In another study, Azzini etal. [101] found that the use of bamboo (B. vulgaris) of predetermined lengths and diameters as a field drainage material was found effective. The excellent quality of these products is due to good qualification of the workforce and the availability of machines that assist the production process. It is a delicacy in Asia. Their potential and utilisation for cellulose, bio-ethanol and other related products have been studied. The part transformed to alcohol represents the yield of 250380l ton1 of bamboo [94] while that of sugar cane, when compared gave an average yield of 70l of alcohol ton1 [95]. Read on and discover some of the coolest bamboo products you probably didn't even know they existed! Bamboo beverage and beer have been widely accepted mainly in Asian countries such as China, Korea and Japan. In Asia, bamboo is quite common for bridges, scaffolding and housing, but it is usually a temporary exterior structural material. The comparison of alkaline and acetylating treatments showed that the mechanical properties of bamboo fibre-polypropylene composites were improved and adhesion between bamboo fibre and polypropylene matrix was enhanced. These materials are very expensive, not readily available, require a high degree of maintenance and pollute water, which they convey due to the pipes constituents. It is one of the fastest growing plants [8]. In many overpopulated regions of the tropics, certain bamboos supply the one suitable material that is sufficiently cheap and plentiful to meet the great need for economical housing [103]. It has been recognised as a useful resource for this purpose due to its higher growth rate, annual biomass yield and significant amount of sugars [2, 21]. Hence, it is a suitable absorbent. Besides its role as a raw material for consumer products, bamboo has enormous prospects for industrial utilisation and as industrial raw material. A total of 40 of the 43 species found in Africa are majorly distributed in Madagascar while the remaining 3 species are found in mainland Africa. In Latin America, farmers often use bamboo as beehives. Bamboo industries, parts, species and products. After maturity, the tensile strength of bamboo is comparable to that of mild steel [15]. As a cheap lignocellulosic feedstock, bamboo has been adopted for bioenergy production. It attains maturity in 3years as compared to wood, which takes almost more than 20years. Other common species of bamboo used for this purpose are shown in Table 5. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. The silane coupling treatment has been found to significantly improve the impact fatigue strength of the composites [66]. This method removed 3842% of the polysaccharides and lignin from the bamboo chips. Bamboo is known as one of the materials more versatile to the handicraft production because it is a raw material of easy acquisition, low-cost and demands simple tools in preparation. Learn on the go with our new app. Natural plant fibres have unequivocally contributed to economic prosperity and sustainability in our daily lives [1]. Butanol is similar to ethanol being a form of alcohol. It has been reported that the density of bamboo varies from 500 to 800kg/m3 depending on anatomical structures such as quantity and distribution of fibres around vascular bundles [4], with its maximum density usually obtained from 3years old culms [5, 6]. Bamboo can also be pulped with less power and chemicals than wood which makes it more environmental friendly. There were a series of boutique shops that only sold eco-friendly bamboo clothing. Although some of these applications are very limited in scope, continuous researches on bamboo can increase their potential and induce their aggressive interest in many more areas. In China, bamboo forests are recognised as a massive carbon sink in the global cycles of carbon. The increased content of the coupling agents used increased the morphological and mechanical properties of composites.

Top 10 exporter of bamboo globally in 2009 [10]. Table 5 shows some typical bamboo species and parts used for this purpose [78]. Before the addition of KClO3, dry raw bamboo strands were immersed in a diluted nitric acid solution [57, 58]. Its natural hollow form makes bamboo an obvious choice for many traditional instruments. Bamboo being trees that grow and mature in a very short period of time can secure continuous supply of cheap tree and fibres compared to other woody biomasses. Extractives from various parts of the bamboo plant have been used for hair and skin ointment, medicine for asthma, eyewash, potions for lovers and poison for rivals. The obtained pulp was cooled, filtered and washed, and then further treated with glacial acetic acid. Bamboo internodes (the part between 2 nodes) of larger diameter bamboo species such as Guadua angustifolia or Dendrocalamus asper are very well suited to make a bamboo beehive. Many researchers have worked on the physical, mechanical and thermal behaviour (weathering behaviour, % water uptake, % thickness swelling and thermal stability), morphology properties and impact test of bamboo fibres reinforced novolac resin composites prepared using mercerised bamboo fibres. The slurry was then freeze-dried to obtain dry bamboo fibre. A soybean oil-based monomer, acrylated epoxidised soybean oil (AESO) monomer was grafted onto the surface of bamboo fibre using 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (DIH) as a linker, and the attached C=C bonds participated in the crosslinking of UPE resins, thus forming chemical connections between the bamboo fibres and the UPE matrix.

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