WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Animals were divided into three groups as follows: 1) normolipidemic control rats on a standard diet 2) hypercholesterolemic diet for 30 days and 3) hypercholesterolemic diet for 30 days receiving 1 mL of bergamot juice daily for 30 days. [23], As of 2017, clinical research conducted on bergamot oil has been of poor quality, with no conclusions about its possible biological effects. Known to be photocarcinogenic since 1959,[21] the substances nonetheless were used in tanning activators until 1995,[22] contributing to many cases of melanoma and death. [3] Extracts have been used as an aromatic ingredient in food, tea, snus, perfumes, and cosmetics. in all areas. Pre-treatment of rats with the non-volatile fraction of bergamot reduced free radical formation and Lectin-like oxyLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1). The renal protective properties of bergamot juice were tested in rats receiving a hyperlipidemic diet [22]. [citation needed]. All Rights Reserved Design & Developed By:: RINJAcom, For enquary We can help:: +233 (0) 24-611-9999. Further research beyond 30 days would be needed to determine if rosuvastatin and BPF can safely continue to be taken in combination. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein particles is a harmful form of cholesterol that results from free radical damage. A total of 237 human subjects were enrolled in the study. The extract (i.e. Considering the high content of volatile compounds, it is unsurprising that the bergamot peel and many other citrus peels are widely used in the perfume and cosmetic industries. Bergamot, brutieridin, melitidin, cholesterol, antioxidant.

Rival products from Brazil and Mexico came on to the market as a substitute, but these were produced from other citrus fruits such as sweet lime.[14]. Its important to monitor those levels if you choose to use bergamot supplements. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Navarra M, Ferlazzo N, Cirmi S, Trapasso E, Bramanti P, Lombardo GE, Minciullo PL, Calapai G, Gangemi S. Effects of bergamot essential oil and its extractive fractions on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell growth. These results were further confirmed in HepG2 cells that were exposed to naringin. Summary of clinical trials using bergamot for hypercholesterolemia. [citation needed], Bergamot fruit or oil contains flavonoids, such as neoeriocitrin, naringin, neohesperidin, ponceritin, melitidin, mitrocin, miriflin, brutieridin, and bergamottin. Disruption of this reaction can significantly improve the serum lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients. Genetic research into the ancestral origins of extant citrus cultivars found bergamot orange to be a probable hybrid of lemon and bitter orange.

Interestingly, this study enrolled 32 human subjects who experienced statin toxicity. Integr Food Nutr Metab. Hand pressed bergamot juice was administered to Wistar rats weighing 180 to 200 grams while being administered a high cholesterol diet [28]. The first use of bergamot oil as a fragrance ingredient was recorded in 1714, and can be found in the Farina Archive in Cologne. The authors do not declare any conflicts of interest, National Library of Medicine Citrus bergamia, the bergamot orange (pronounced /brmt/), is a fragrant citrus fruit the size of an orange, with a yellow or green color similar to a lime, depending on ripeness. Studies have shown that an aromatherapy blend that includes bergamot may help with depression symptoms in older adults, people with terminal cancer, and women who are at high risk of postpartum depression. Patients were randomized into three groups as follows: 1) placebo (n=20) 2) bergamot polyphenol fraction (n=20) and 3) bergamot polyphenol fraction phytosomal formulation (n=20). The bergamot polyphenol fraction decreased total cholesterol from 262 to 196, LDL cholesterol from 175 to 116, and triglycerides from 252 to 170. The results suggest that both formulations were able to significantly modify cholesterol levels after 30 days. [4] Use on the skin may be unsafe, particularly for children and pregnant women, and may cause rashes resulting from photodermatotoxicity.[4]. Placebo tablet had no active ingredient, 77 (n=15 received placebo, n=16 received low Rosuvastatin, n=16 received high Rosuvastatin, n=15 received BPF, n=15 received BPF + Rosuvastatin). Ferlazzo N, Visalli G, Smeriglio A, Cirmi S, Lombardo GE, Campiglia P, Di Pietro A, Navarra M. Flavonoid Fraction of Orange and Bergamot Juices Protect Human Lung Epithelial Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. 650 mg tablet twice daily of Bergamot Polyphenol Fraction (BPF; 38% polyphenols), 60 (n=20 received BPF, n=20 received BPF Phyto and n=20 received placebo), Bergavit R (a Bergamot juice derived extract containing 150 mg flavonoids) was given daily at a fixed dose for 6 months, 2 capsules of F105 (total 500 mg bergamot fruit extract and 220 mg phytocomplex blend) were taken daily at dinnertime for 12 weeks, Open-label, parallel group, placebo-controlled, 1. LDL was divided into 7 subclasses that included LDL-1 and LDL-2, representing large LDL, and LDL-37 representing atherogenic small, dense LDL. HMG-CoA reductase is the rate controlling enzyme in the mevalonate pathway that is responsible for cholesterol synthesis. drinks soft premium tonic water Bergamot oil may be less safe as a skin treatment since it can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. The effect of statin treatment on circulating coenzyme Q10 concentrations: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The main flavonoids identified in the present study were 1) neoeriocitrin (370 ppm), 2) naringin (520 ppm), and 3) neohesperidin (310 ppm). Qu H, Meng YY, Chai H, Liang F, Zhang JY, Gao ZY, Shi DZ. heir paris cologne hilton edt oz All rights reserved. Similar results were observed with BPF Phyto: it decreased total cholesterol from 261 to 198, LDL cholesterol from 174 to 113, and triglycerides from 252 to 173. [24][25] Consuming bergamot oil as a component of tea may cause muscle cramps. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Gattuso G, Barreca D, Gargiulli C, Leuzzi U, Caristi C. Nogata Y, Sakamoto K, Shiratsuchi H, Ishii T, Yano M, Ohta H. Flavonoid composition of fruit tissues of citrus species, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. ", Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology: Bergamot polyphenolic fraction supplementation improves cognitive functioning in schizophrenia: data from an 8-week, open-label pilot study., Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research: Prospective observational study: the role of a bergamot based nutraceutical in dyslipidaemia and arthralgia for subjects undergoing aromatase inhibitors based therapy. [17] Bergamot is a major component of the original Eau de Cologne composed by Jean-Marie Farina at the beginning of the 18th century in Germany. Scientists have found that bergamot might protect the joints in people taking aromatase inhibitors as part of cancer treatment. However, it should be noted that each patient can serve as their own control since cholesterol was quantified prior to bergamot and at the completion of the study. In addition, ROS can induce the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO) and is associated with neointima formation. This makes HMG-CoA a valuable target for reducing cholesterol levels. Citrus fruits are rich in flavonoids and have long been associated with improving human health outcomes in areas that include improved immune response, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and high cholesterol. A second outcome that was measured included the pharmacokinetics of key flavonoids found in bergamot including naringin, naringenin, and naringenin glucuronide. Bergamot juice (1 mL) was found to significantly decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to hyperlipidemic controls (4.10 0.10 nmol/mg protein and 4.78 0.15 nmol/mg protein, respectively). It may also help to increase good HDL cholesterol and has the potential to be an effective supplement to cholesterol drugs. menuism 2903 The results of this study identified naringin as an AMPK activator in mice, leading to a down-regulated expression of SREBPs and PCSK9, and an increased expression of LDLR to reduce the body weight of obese C57BL/6J mice. bergamia (i.e. A study by Sui et al revealed that naringin activates AMPK altering the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) [27]. Childhood seizures. The bergamot fruit also contains flavonoids that include neoeriocitrin, naringin and neohesperidin among many others that have been of interest for their cardiovascular benefits. Achieved an all-time record of 100 published verified reviews within one calendar month.

Tranchida PQ, Presti ML, Costa R, Dugo P, Dugo G, Mondello L. High-throughput analysis of bergamot essential oil by fast solid-phase microextraction-capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. In another study, male New Zealand rabbits were fed a high cholesterol diet and divided into three groups as follows: 1) placebo (i.e. An in vivo study evaluated the impact of bergamot on injured blood vessels following angioplasty in rats [20]. A water-based solution in a spray bottle. Johnson is supported by an NIH MERIT award (R37CA227101). Brannt, William Theodore; Schaedler, Karl. siderno tripinview previous Strikers FC Academy is focused on football development for players in Ghana and across Africa. Be sure to dilute bergamot oil before applying to your skin. It may also be unsafe as a skin treatment for people who are pregnant or breastfeeding. bergamot Take as a supplement. Consistently in all of the clinical trials bergamot appeared to be well tolerated with studies ranging from 30 days to 6 months. F105) was formulated with apple fruit extract, bergamot fruit extract, blueberry fruit concentrate, capsicum fruit, grape seed extract, grape skin extract, green tea leaf extract, mangosteen pericarp extract, olive leaf extract, and turmeric root & rhizome extract in a number of ratios beginning with 8.5%, 70.4%, 1.4%, 1.4%, 1.4%, 1.4%, 4.2%, 1.4%, 1.4%, and 8.5% representing F105, respectively. Pancreatic cholesterol ester hydrolase (pCEH) represents an additional target in disrupting cholesterol synthesis. Accessibility Increasing the expression of LDL receptor is beneficial for promoting the endocytosis of cholesterol rich LDL. One hundred bergamot oranges yield about three ounces (85g) of bergamot oil. One study shows that taking bergamot supplements may help people with schizophrenia think more clearly. Naringin has an antiatherogenic effect with the inhibition of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany).

These results show that 14 days of consecutive administration of bergamot oil antagonized the effects of smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation in the rat carotid artery following angioplasty. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that BPF can reduce total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. After 30 days, those patients receiving BPF had changes in total cholesterol (25%) and LDL (27.6%) without reappearance of statin toxicity. Rats receiving bergamot polyphenol fraction at 10 mg/kg by oral gavage were found to inhibit pCEH activity. In Italian traditional medicine the bergamot has been used to treat or cure a variety of symptoms that include fever, sore throat, mouth and skin infections, and infections of the respiratory system and the urinary tract [1]. Used in cosmetics and perfume products, bergamot may cause skin irritation. ", "Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application", Bergamot by Citrus Variety Collection of the UCR, BBC news story on the farming of Bergamot in the Calabria region of Italy, University of California Citrus Experiment Station, University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bergamot_orange&oldid=1093999778, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 20 June 2022, at 04:48. Blood sugar issues. control group) 2) naringin and 3) lovastatin [18]. In several patch test studies, application of some sources of bergamot oil directly to the skin of guinea pigs was shown to have a concentration-dependent phototoxic effect of increasing redness after exposure to ultraviolet light (due to the chemical bergapten, and possibly also citropten, bergamottin, geranial, and neral). Choe SC, Kim HS, Jeong TS, Bok SH, Park YB. Welcome , we offer all our clients an individual approach and professional service [4][7] Bergamot leaves contain different indole alkaloids, such as N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine.[8]. Babish JG, Dahlberg CJ, Ou JJ, Keller WJ, Gao W, Kaadige MR, Brabazon H, Lamb J, Soudah HC, Kou X, Zhang Z, Pacioretty LM, Tripp ML. Miceli N, Mondello MR, Monforte MT, Sdrafkakis V, Dugo P, Crupi ML, Taviano MF, De Pasquale R, Trovato A. Hypolipidemic effects of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau juice in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. More research is needed. about navigating our updated article layout. menuism 2903 People use extracts from bergamots sour juice and oil from its peel for a variety of things including: Several studies have shown that bergamot may help to reduce overall cholesterol and bad LDL cholesterol. 8600 Rockville Pike Dugo P, Presti ML, Ohman M, Fazio A, Dugo G, Mondello L. Determination of flavonoids in citrus juices by micro-HPLC-ESI/MS. A statistically significant decrease in triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol was observed. Always talk to your doctor before using any over-the-counter dietary supplement, including bergamot. Patients were enrolled in the study with mixed hyperlipidemia defined as LDL cholesterol > 120 mg/dl and triglycerides > 175 mg/dl, and serum glucose > 110 mg/dl. Even if you dont have diabetes, bergamot could make it harder for doctors to control your blood sugar during surgery. There are a variety of phytochemicals that have been found in the bergamot including brutieridin and melitidin as well as other flavonoids, flavones O-glucosides and C-glucosides. [5] However, in Mauritius where it is grown on a small-scale basis, it is largely consumed as juice by the locals. Several studies suggested that bergamot polyphenols can reduce triglycerides and increase HDL-C, however, the results were not consistent across all studies. Trovato A, Taviano MF, Pergolizzi S, Campolo L, De Pasquale R, Miceli N. Citrus bergamia Risso & Poiteau juice protects against renal injury of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Mollace V, Ragusa S, Sacco I, Muscoli C, Sculco F, Visalli V, Palma E, Muscoli S, Mondello L, Dugo P, Rotiroti D, Romeo F. The protective effect of bergamot oil extract on lecitine-like oxyLDL receptor-1 expression in balloon injury-related neointima formation, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics. [12], Adulteration with cheaper products such as oil of rosewood and bergamot mint has been a problem for consumers. One such example includes the bergamot fruit that has been investigated in pre-clinical and clinical studies for improving dysplipidemia. Some people experience side effects like dizziness, muscle cramps, and heartburn when they take bergamot with food. [18][19][20] This is a property shared by many other citrus fruits and other members of Rutaceae, including rue. The three most common pharmacological approaches to lowering hypercholesterolemia include bile acid sequestrants, statins, and inhibitors of cholesterol absorption (i.e. However, there have been some promising early studies with animals. There are several weaknesses in the design of several of the clinical trials that used an open label design (Table 1). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. To date, there has not been any definitive in vitro validation that flavonoids from bergamot share a similar mechanism for inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. [15] Bergamot is one of the most common "casings" (flavorings) added to Swedish snus, a form of smokeless tobacco product. Bergamot oil is one of the most commonly used ingredients in perfumery. Bergamot was observed to decrease total cholesterol from 255 to 224, LDL cholesterol from 159 to 132, and triglycerides from 159 to 133. The bergamot is a citrus fruit native to southern Italy. However, none of the patients taking BPF interrupted the treatment. Biochemical data also reported that histological preparations of the kidney suggests that bergamot juice prevented the development of renal damage from hypercholesterolemia. Combine 1 teaspoon of a carrier oil like a vegetable or nut oil with three drops of essential oil. Mollace V, Scicchitano M, Paone S, Casale F, Calandruccio C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Nucera S, Riva A, Allegrini P, Ronchi M, Petrangolini G, Bombardelli E. Hypoglycemic and Hypolipemic effects of a new lecithin formulation of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets. University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice. Risitano R, Curro M, Cirmi S, Ferlazzo N, Campiglia P, Caccamo D, Ientile R, Navarra M. Flavonoid fraction of Bergamot juice reduces LPS-induced inflammatory response through SIRT1-mediated NF-kappaB inhibition in THP-1 monocytes. A second mechanism that has been proposed with bergamot polyphenols is the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Studies using naringin, neoeriocitrin and rutin reported them to have antioxidant activity in in vitro antioxidant models by beta-carotene-linoleic acid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide, and hamster low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [17]. Given the documented benefits of lowering LDL-C, triglycerides, and total cholesterol, additional dietary and phytochemical approaches should be investigated as alternative methods to reducing indices of hyperlipidemia. Mild side effects. Cirmi S, Bisignano C, Mandalari G, Navarra M. Anti-infective potential of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau (bergamot) derivatives: a systematic review. A study by Mondello et al found that bergamot essential oil contains more than 100 volatile compounds while linalyl acetate and linalool were predominant in addition to limonene [16].



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