According to studies, Vitamin E and other natural ingredients rich in antioxidants are used in treatments to slow skin ageing. Vitamin E repairs and nourishes your skin cells. It also protects your skin from environmental damage (5). DOI: Wang Z, et al. Vitamin E is a group of fat-soluble vitamins with antioxidant effects. 18 Health Benefits Of Tomatoes, How To Co 18 Health Benefits Of Tomatoes, How To Consume, And Recipes, Avoid applying vitamin E capsules if you have eczema or psoriasis (, Avoid taking vitamin E supplements if you have bleeding disorders (. Want to get rid of dark circles and under eye bags? Pro tip - Apply this serum with your ring finger to put minimum pressure on the skin. I personally like to do this before going to bed and take it off in the morning. DOI: Choi S, et al. It revives your dull skin and gives you a healthy glow. But keep in mind, retinoid cream commonly causes side effects like skin redness. Why dont we use vitamin E in dermatology. A systematic review. Antioxidant properties of Vitamin E will reduce fine lines and treat dark circles. In a bowl, add all of the ingredients mentioned above and form a paste. According to studies, Vitamin E capsules can diminish dark patches on your skin. Well share 10 at-home treatments you can try, Sunspots, sometimes called liver spots, are very common. scar Apply this mask evenly on your face and wash it off after 15 minutes. This is the easiest trick to prevent under-eye bags in the first place.

Myths vs. Facts. Sometimes, the misinformation surrounding these topics makes it challenging to distinguish between truth and noise. Apply this paste and wash it off after 10 minutes. 16 Amazing Guava Benefits for Skin - Bodywise. Top 27 Hemoglobin Rich Foods For A Health Top 27 Hemoglobin Rich Foods For A Healthy You. Tablets, capsules, soft gels, and oils you will find vitamin E in almost every medical store in these forms. (2014). Members of the third group received both aloesin and arbutin. Get Rid Of Dark Circles Naturally At Home. Contour Tree & Garden Care Ltd are a family run business covering all aspects of tree and hedge work primarily in Hampshire, Surrey and Berkshire. You can use aloe vera straight from the plant, or you can purchase aloe vera as a gel in your local drugstore or health food store. Mix vitamin E oil from one capsule with 2 tablespoons of rose water and a teaspoon of glycerin. | Reg. Vitamin E and yogurt cleanse all the impurities from your skin and improve its elasticity. forever dark spots aloe cream They may reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation by destroying existing melanin cells and preventing further formation of melanin in the skin. Scientists have found that external application of vitamins E and C helps reduce the harmful free oxygen radicals (that make the skin look aged and dull). Last medically reviewed on August 26, 2019, Hyperpigmentation of the skin is an aesthetic rather than a medical concern for people most of the time. As a woman, navigating through sexual health issues is not easy- especially if one links it to sexual health, masturbation or self-sex acts. Theres some evidence that orchid extracts can lighten hyperpigmented skin when used daily for 8 weeks. Find a mature plant thats several years old.

However, there is no scientific evidence to support it. All rights reserved. If you have dry patches and flaky skin, Vitamin E oil is what you're looking for. Theres a small amount of scientific evidence suggesting that applying aloe vera to your skin may help reduce the appearance of hyperpigmented areas, though it wont completely get rid of these darker spots. To get rid of dark circles, you need to make certain conscious lifestyle changes such as a good 7-8 hours of sleep at night, sufficient water intake etc. Take out and use as needed. Indulge in some sort of physical exercise to increase the secretion of healthy hormones in your body. Whether you are buying vitamin E capsules to make a face pack or for consumption, you need to ensure that you are buying the best product for your skin. However, consult a doctor beforehand if you want to consume vitamin E supplements. What To Look For Before Buying Vitamin E Capsules? Vaping products and e-cigarettes containing Vitamin E are associated with severe lung conditions. Add one teaspoon of rose water to the mixture. Yogurt contains lactic acid, which nourishes and moisturizes your skin and brightens dull skin by reducing blemishes and dark spots (9). You have to take some fresh aloe vera pulp and drops of oil from a Vitamin E capsule. Take out the chilled water and put some on a cotton pad. Members of the group were divided into subgroups based on the type of treatment that was applied to their arm. Follow the tips discussed in the article to use vitamin E capsules for your face. When you look at your skin, do you notice any patches that are darker than the rest of your body? Plants used to treat skin diseases. The antioxidant content in Vitamin E serves as an anti-ageing agent, reducing wrinkles and fine lines considerably. To get to the gel inside a plant: Whether youre using aloe vera from the plant or a store product, rub a thin layer on the hyperpigmented area of skin youd like to treat up to several times a day. (2002). Remove a few thick leaves from the outer part of the plant, using scissors and cutting them near the stem, next to the base of the plant. Dermatologist shines light on natural ingredients used in new topical treatments for hyperpigmentation. Vitamin E contains antioxidants that help in repairing damaged skin cells and reducing the appearance of blemishes (3). In this study, a group of people with hyperpigmentation were exposed to ultraviolet radiation on their inner forearm. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Vitamin E contains alpha-tocopherol, a powerful antioxidant that protects your skin from harmful free radicals (3). Anecdotal evidence suggests that vitamin E oil can help fade dark spots and reduce puffiness. Take two tablespoons of papaya pulp and add 15-20 drops of vitamin E oil (extracted from the capsule). Roberts WE. She is an energetic, proactive, and compassionate medical practitioner w more, Ramona is an editor at StyleCraze. Mix this and pat the serum underneath your eyes. Learn more about its causes and treatments. Apply this mask evenly on your face and wash it off after 15 minutes. However, when consumed orally, one is advised not to exceed a daily limit of 1000 mg. Always apply Vitamin E oil on a squeaky clean face. Dont fall prey to this advice.

The benefits of Vitamin E oil for the skin around the eyes are magical. Nodular Acne: Causes, Treatment, Home Remedies & More. As mentioned before, you can either consume vitamin E capsule or apply them directly to your skin. Vitamin E reduces blemishes and dark spots and hence works wonders in dealing with dark circles. These effects are due to aloesin, a melanin and tyrosinase reducing agent in aloe vera (18). Getting and drinking tea, another one of our favourite pastimes. Honey helps in preserving moisture (13). You can mix apple cider vinegar with an equal amount of water and apply to dark patches on your skin for a few minutes before rinsing off with warm water. Use it as directed on the package. DOI: Sharique AA, et al. DOI: Hollinger JC, et al. Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin. Is Stevia Safe? DOI: How aloe vera works to lighten skin pigmentation, How to use aloe vera to treat skin pigmentation, Side effects of using aloe for skin pigmentation, Alternative skin pigmentation home remedies, aad.org/media/news-releases/dermatologist-shines-light-on-natural-ingredients-used-in-new-topical-treatments-for-hyperpigmentation, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6415704/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5843359/, mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-aloe/art-20362267, How to Treat Skin Hyperpigmentation Naturally, 8 Treatment Options for Hyperpigmentation, FDA Approves First At-Home Treatment for Skin Repigmentation in People With Common Type of Vitiligo. Our stringent editorial guidelines allow us to only cite from reputed research institutions, academic journals, and medically established studies. Take two tablespoons of papaya pulp and add 15-20 drops of vitamin E oil (extracted from the capsule). Apply it on your face. This Willow had a weak, low union of the two stems which showed signs of possible failure. Those who received skin treatments showed less pigmentation compared to those who received no treatment. UV radiation or sunlight is a major cause of hyperpigmentation. If it is natural, the vitamin E will be listed under these names: d-alpha tocopheryl acetate, d-alpha tocopherol, or d-alpha tocopheryl succinate. Do a patch test to be on the safe side. Apply the mask to your face and neck and leave it on for 20-25 minutes. (2012). Vitamin E is a strong antioxidant and a moisturizer. So, if youre just like us and binge-watching movies until sunrise, you and I both know that looking for ways to reduce dark circles and under-eye bags is our favourite pastime. Blend these and apply it to your face as a mask. There are many products that claim to get rid of dark spots on the face, but they arent all created equal. (1993). Vitamin E repairs your skin and reduces inflammation. This Scots Pine was in decline showing signs of decay at the base, deemed unstable it was to be dismantled to ground level. Do they pose any danger to your health?

To get the best results, always use fresh aloe vera pulp. An uneven skin tone or dryness due to aging or toxin buildup can make the skin look dull and lusterless. Of course! (2011). (2010). The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Use this three times a week. Mix your vitamin E oil with some carrier oils like coconut oil, jojoba oil, etc., to get effective results. Aloe vera has healing properties while Vitamin E literally works like magic on your skin. (2011). A Systematic Review, Vitamin E and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Womens Health Study Randomized Controlled Trial. Copyright 2022 | All Rights Reserved | Designed & Powered by Worldwide Media, In order to access our website you need to accept our cookie policy. Aloe vera repairs your skin and promotes spot reduction and pigmentation induced by UV rays. 12 Best Oblique Exercises To Strengthen Your Si 12 Best Oblique Exercises To Strengthen Your Side-Abs. Horoscope Today, July 26, 2022: Are The Stars Aligned In Your Favour? You can do this two times daily. Mast cell activation syndrome can cause temporary allergic symptoms in multiple organ systems. However, note that aloe vera may not completely reduce the appearance of dark spots. This is one of the best combinations for any skin woes you have. On the novel action of melanolysis by a leaf extract of. It is important to note that Vitamin E is fat-soluble. Looking for a Tree Surgeon in Berkshire, Hampshire or Surrey ? It helps reduce fine lines, wrinkles, and dark spots and treats and dry skin (7). There are other natural options when it comes to treating your hyperpigmentation at home, including: Apple cider vinegar contains acetic acid, which research suggests can lighten dark spots on the skin. Moreover, Vitamin E facilitates healthy blood flow to your skin, increasing collagen production. Vitamin E capsules are enriched with antioxidants which promote blood circulation in the body. Learn more about common triggers and treatment options. The owner/operators are highly qualified to NPTC standards and have a combined 17 years industry experience giving the ability to carry out work to the highest standard. StyleCraze believes in credibility and giving our readers access to authentic and evidence-based content. Learn the signs and. Scroll down to find out how to apply vitamin E capsule to your skin. Kojic acid comes from a fungus that research suggests can break down melanin in the skin and prevent more melanin from forming, lightening dark spots. To prepare an anti-ageing mask, you need a cup of green tea, two to three teaspoons of rice flour, one teaspoon of honey and two vitamin E capsules. Researchers say most chemical peels sold in drugstores are effective and safe ways to reduce pigmentation when applied as directed, even for people with a darker overall complexion. Papaya peel contains papain, which has skin lightening properties (11). Be first to post one! A fairly common practice with Lombardy Poplars, this tree was having a height reduction to reduce the wind sail helping to prevent limb failures. You can use aloe vera and vitamin e capsules for skin whitening. : 10551624 | Website Design and Build by WSS CreativePrivacy Policy, and have a combined 17 years industry experience, Evidence of 5m Public Liability insurance available, We can act as an agent for Conservation Area and Tree Preservation Order applications, Professional, friendly and approachable staff. Check it out. Milk contains lactic acid, which helps in lightening and nourishing your skin (9). The myth of vitamin E capsules being used for skin whitening is prevalent among people. These are the 10 ways you can use or apply vitamin E capsule to get glowing and youthful skin. Studies suggest that Vitamin E oil mixed with aloe vera brightens your skin and treats discolouration, and evens out your skin tone, but it doesn't make you fair. In one animal study, scientists found that aloin destroyed melanin cells in pigmented cells taken from tadpole tails. StyleCraze provides content of general nature that is designed for informational purposes only. If a rash develops or your skin is irritated, discontinue use. Caution: Avoid this remedy if you have sensitive skin as lemon juice may cause redness and irritation. Use as directed per the package instructions. No. Mix well and apply on your face. Tyrosinase inhibitory effect of quercetin 4-. Moreover, Vitamin E can definitely be used on your skin overnight. Raise your hand if you ever took vitamin E capsules for skin or have popped them open for topical use. Using vitamin E capsules daily before bed can nourish your skin, treat wrinkles and prevent ageing. You can replenish vitamin E deficiency by consuming vitamin E-rich foods. Don't forget to follow us on Facebook& Instagram. So, to save you the trouble there, we have some extremely simple and easy ways to get rid of our friends whove resided under our eyes. She graduated from the University of Calcutta, West Bengal, and did her post-graduation from the more. Well, youre not alone and here are a few tips and tricks that work well for us! Covering all aspects of tree and hedge workin Hampshire, Surrey and Berkshire, Highly qualified to NPTC standardsand have a combined 17 years industry experience.

Squeeze the oil from 2 vitamin E capsules and mix it with 2 tablespoons of organic yogurt and a few drops of lemon juice.

While theres no established dose for aloe vera, studies suggest this is an effective and safe dose for aloe vera gel. Yes, you can cut a vitamin E capsule and apply it directly to your lips. What Causes Rosy Cheeks and How Is It Managed? (2015). Theres little risk of trying aloe vera if you want to reduce the appearance of your hyperpigmented skin. Can I wash my face with soap after applying vitamin E capsules? 2005-2022 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. PRP can affect parts of your body or your entire body, Red cheeks can sometimes be a warning sign of an underlying medical condition, whether allergies, rosacea, or something else. Can we apply vitamin E capsules to the lips? Mix vitamin E oil from two capsules with extra virgin coconut oil and two drops each of tea tree and lavender oils and massage it on your face. If you are contemplating applying Vitamin E on your face overnight daily, then here's some good news. Look for creams containing niacinamide in your local drugstore. aloe vera face skin hyperpigmentation gel remove remedies acne glowing fairness pack Although vitamin E and vitamin E oil (derived from vitamin E) have many benefits for skin, there are risks that you must be aware before you consume or apply it to your skin. To revitalize your skin and bring back its glow: The enzymes in papaya remove your tan, while Vitamin E moisturizes your skin and gives you a healthy glow. Studies show that green tea extract may be able to lighten hyperpigmented skin. Whitening effect of black tea water extract on brown guinea pig skin.

Do this regularly until the marks disappear. Treatments were administered 4 times a day. It will help boost the collagen synthesis and will improve the skin. For glowing skin, add some Vitamin E capsule oil into papaya pulp. Remember to apply it well before bed, as Vitamin E has a thick consistency and needs to absorb into your skin for best results. Vitamin E Capsules for Face & Skin: Top Benefits, Uses, Side Effects.

Ironic. Here are 5 products you must have, 5 natural remedies to help you get rid of your dark circles easily and change your life, DIY Ghee masks: A moisture surge for dry skin, and hair, DIY under eye cream: A refreshing punch to knock out dark circles and puffy eye bags, 10 Makeup tips to flaunt those dark circles like the real deal, 6 Best organic eye cream for puffy bags, dark circles and wrinkles, 7 Creams for dark circles that will keep your under eye skin hydrated, 8 Best under eye patches to bid adieu to dark circles, 15 Best concealers for dark circles that you need for a full coverage makeup look, Amazon Sale: 7 Underarm whitening creams to add to your vanity box right away, Under eye dark circle removal creams that will nourish your under eye bags, For more Fashion & Beauty updates: Follow, Face oils will change the way you look at skincare; Find out everything we know. In all honesty- Vitamin E capsules are an excellent addition to your skin regime. Skincare: Get rid of under eye bags and dark circl Skincare: Get rid of under eye bags and dark circles in a jiffy with these extremely EASY tips and tricks, 5 remedies that call for a smooth goodbye to cool down tired eyes and target dark circles, Amazon Sale Offers Today: Under eye creams under Rs 499 to get rid of dark circles and puffy eyes, 5 Postpartum skincare products from Amazon every new mom should own, Amazon Deal of the Day: 5 Highly recommended under eye creams to get rid of dark circles. Kircik LH. Apply the Vitamin E oil from the capsules directly to the area around your eyes. Effects of aloesin on melanogenesis in pigmented skin equivalents. It might result in a reduced platelet count and blood thinning. Choi S, et al. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. In addition, Vitamin E has anti-inflammatory properties that boost the immune system, leading to skin cell regeneration.

Cut off the prickly parts on the edges of the leaves. The role of vitamin E in normal and damaged skin, Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging, Skin Photoaging and the Role of Antioxidants in Its Prevention, Formulations of hydrogels and lipogels with vitamin E, Antiaging and brightening effects of a topical treatment containing vitamin C, vitamin E, and raspberry leaf cell culture extract: A splitface, randomized controlled trial, The effects of topical l(+) lactic Acid and ascorbic Acid on skin whitening, The Hunt for Natural Skin Whitening Agents, Papain Degrades Tight Junction Proteins of Human Keratinocytes In Vitro and Sensitizes C57BL/6 Mice via the Skin Independent of its Enzymatic Activity or TLR4 Activation, Honey in dermatology and skin care: a review, The influence of a cream containing 20% glycerin and its vehicle on skin barrier properties, Effect of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil on Acute Inflammatory Response, Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil: a Review of Antimicrobial and Other Medicinal Properties, In vitro anti-inflammatory and skin protective properties of Virgin coconut oil, Are Natural Ingredients Effective in the Management of Hyperpigmentation? Garden looks fab. You can find creams containing kojic acid in most drugstores.

This gel is what youll apply to your skin. This soothes and calms the eyes down after all the screen time you had and works well in reducing any darkness and discolouration. Retinoids come from vitamin A and can be used to reduce hyperpigmentation when used over a long period of time, according to researchers. From lightening creams and OTC peels to laser therapy, there are many different treatments for hyperpigmentation. Several studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin E. These properties boost the process of skin regeneration in which the dead skin cells are replaced by healthier cells, making your face radiant. 6 Conifers in total, aerial dismantle to ground level and stumps removed too.

Dr. Veerula (Dr. V) is a diplomate of the American Board of Dermatology, a Fellow of the American Academy of Dermatology and American Society of Dermatologic Surgeons. Then apply it to hyperpigmented areas of your skin with a cotton ball. Vitamin E has excellent moisturizing properties due to its thick consistency. If you want to try this at home, make strong black tea by letting it steep and cool for at least two hours. Mix the oil from two vitamin E capsules with a tablespoon of fresh aloe vera gel and massage it into your skin. American Academy of Dermatology. All rights reserved, Stay up to date!

10 Best Home Remedies for Pimples for Oily Skin - According to Dermatologists! Vitamin E contains antioxidants that serve as potential acne treatment. Chemical peels involve applying acids to the skin to remove uppermost skin layers that contain extra pigments.

That said, vitamin E capsules may not suit all. 6 Health Benefits Of Selenium And Top Foo Top 30 Foods High In Purines And How They 15 Potassium-Rich Foods & Benefits Of Inc 15 Potassium-Rich Foods & Benefits Of Including Them In The Diet. Do not fall for misinformation and noise around the internet that says otherwise. 13 Evidence-based Groundnut Oil Benefits That Everyone Should Know About! They should be green and smooth, with consistent coloration. Arung ET, et al. Gently massage it to your face for 10 minutes. (2014). Articles on StyleCraze are backed by verified information from peer-reviewed and academic research papers, reputed organizations, research institutions, and medical associations to ensure accuracy and relevance. Use it regularly for at least 2-3 weeks to see visibly lighter and brighter undereye area. If you are worried about hyperpigmentation on your skin, then Vitamin E capsules can help you fight it. Cut the gel into slices or cubes for storage in the fridge. Let it dry for 30 minutes and then wash it off. Now, once theyre out, put them over and under your eyes for 10 minutes. While theres little scientific evidence that aloe vera can reduce the appearance of hyperpigmented areas of skin, many people report that it works to lighten dark spots. fade cream vera aloe freckles spots away dark 30ml gel skin ginseng extract fairer exp madina These nutrients may also brighten the skin (8). Heres a list of potential side effects of vitamin E capsules. Prior to that, she authored over 200 articles on skin and hair care. Do this every day. When applied topically, it helps to nourish the skin and protect it from the damage of free radicals. It could be bad for the skin and face when consumed excessively or incorrectly. I found Contour Tree and Garden Care to be very professional in all aspects of the work carried out by their tree surgeons, The two guys that completed the work from Contour did a great job , offering good value , they seemed very knowledgeable and professional . Quantitative determination of -arbutin, -arbutin, kojic Acid, nicotinamide, hydroquinone, resorcinol, 4-methoxyphenol, 4-ethoxyphenol, and ascorbic acid from skin whitening products by HPLC-UV. Hair, for most women, is an indispensable part of their identity and personality. Mohammad Abid Keen, Iffat Hassan (2016) Vitamin E in dermatology (Indian Dermatology Online Journal) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4976416/, Rua Pandel, Borut Poljak (2013) Skin Photoaging and the Role of Antioxidants in Its Prevention (ISRN Dermatology) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789494/. This could clog your skin pores or cause an imbalance in skin pH levels. 11 Ways To Get Rid Of Dark Circles Naturally At Home. However, if your diet cannot meet the daily recommended dose of vitamin E, you can consult a doctor and take supplements. Dark circles are generally temporary, so you can get rid of them with the regular right measures. Mix the oil from two vitamin E capsules with 1 teaspoon organic honey and 2 tablespoons of milk. There are two ways you can use vitamin E capsules for your skin: Both have similar benefits and results. In research, vitamin C cream has been found effective at reducing hyperpigmentation caused by sun exposure when applied 5 days a week for 7 weeks. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

To get the maximum benefits, you may apply vitamin E oil to your face or consume supplements (only if you have a deficiency). This can help your skin stay healthy. Both aloe vera gel from the plant and gel from a drugstore are considered safe for most healthy people to apply directly to their skin. Carrying out routine maintenance on this White Poplar, not suitable for all species but pollarding is a good way to prevent a tree becoming too large for its surroundings and having to be removed all together. Here is a simple guide on using Vitamin E capsules for the face: Vitamin E capsules are generally safe for use, but you should consult a medical professional if you experience the following: You should not take vitamin E capsules or any other form for a prolonged period. Hydroquinone, also called arbutin, has been found to lighten hyperpigmented skin, especially when combined with other skin-lightening chemicals. All you need to do is - squeeze out the Vitamin E oil from the capsule and mix it with Aloe Vera gel. To make this serum, you need one teaspoon of raw coffee and a few drops of Vitamin E oil, which you can take from the capsule.

Vitamin E nourishes your skin and repairs the cells, and honey keeps it moisturized. You can find retinoids in the form of retinol, which is a common ingredient in skin care creams. The holy grail of beauty products rose water is our solution for almost any and everything. Efficacy and safety of azelaic acid (AzA) gel 15% in the treatment of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and acne: a 16-week, baseline-controlled study. Chemical peeling in ethnic/dark skin. While vitamin E tends to get absorbed into the skin pretty fast, you may choose to rinse it off if you have oily acne-prone skin. To say that you can either have sexual pleasure or a great set of lustrous locks is synonymous with creating unnecessary chaos. Leave it on for at least an hour or overnight. Click here for additional information. Keep reading to know if you can take vitamin E capsules in the first place. Apply it under your eyes before going to bed and youll wake up with rather clear skin.

Many believe that vitamin E tablets for skin help neutralize radicals when applied topically. Vitamin E is an excellent beauty hack that women worldwide swear by. Glycerin is a humectant that attracts moisture and makes your skin soft and smooth (14). Vitamin E capsules can be popped and applied to the skin directly to reap the benefits. 6 Side Effects That Give You The Answer. 8 Amazing Honey Benefits for Skin We Bet You Didnt Know Aboutuntil Now! Leave it on overnight. The following two tabs change content below. Its most commonly caused by: While there are many products on the market that may treat hyperpigmentation, if youre looking for a natural way to lighten these spots, you may want to consider aloe vera. There are no comments in this article yet. Aloe vera has been found to have many health benefits for the skin, from helping to heal wounds to moisturizing. This may help in reducing dark spots and pigmentation. (2004). Wait for 20 minutes before washing it off. View our cookie policy.

Use this face mask two times a week. To eliminate the pigmentation, you should include nutritionally enriched foods and supplements to your diet regularly. The antioxidants present in green tea and vitamin E will promote new skin cell growth and delay ageing.



Sitemap 0